You can use the book value per share calculator below to quickly estimate the minimum value of a company for common shareholders by entering the required numbers. You could look at earnings or dividends per share, etc. If common equity is $10 million, BVPS increases to $12.50 per share. The preferred equity is any liabilities with a higher priority, ie. Market value per share is obtained by simply. Finally, they can consider a method known as buying back shares. It also accounts for all of the company's liabilities, such as debt or tax burdens. Understanding Book Value Per Share (BVPS), Market Value Per Share vs. Book Value Per Share, Book Value Per Common Share - BVPS Definition, Price-to-Book (PB) Ratio: Meaning, Formula, and Example, Book Value Defined: Meaning, Formula, and Examples, Graham Number: Definition, Formula, Example, and Limitations, Equity for Shareholders: How It Works and How to Calculate It. The price to book value ratio can be used to make some serious interpretations about the business of the company and how the market is reacting to it. Divide the company's book value by the number How Buybacks Warp the Price-to-Book Ratio, Using the Price-to-Book (P/B) Ratio to Evaluate Companies. The book value per share is the minimum cash value of a company and its equity for common shareholders. Assume, for example, that XYZ Manufacturings common equity balance is $10 million, and that 1 million shares of common stock are outstanding. Firm D had total stockholders equity of $1,000,000 at the end of Year 1 and $1,400,000 at the end of Year 2. When an investor buys a portion of a public company, they will receive preferred stocks. First, find the equity by subtracting liabilities from assets. However, as the assets would be sold at market prices, and book value uses the historical costs of assets, market value is considered a better floor price than book value for a company. If a firm's BVPS is higher than its market value per share, then the stock is undervalued, which means that it trades lower than the price that the market determines. Pass our quiz and receive $100 when you open a Carbon Collective investment account. Keep in mind, however, that it's just one metric to consider, and be sure to do your own research before investing in any stock. Adam received his master's in economics from The New School for Social Research and his Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin-Madison in sociology. But if they are trading above the book value per share, they would be considered undervalued and would be hotter on the market. Why is book value less than market value? For example, a marketing campaign will reduce BVPS by increasing costs. If book value per share is calculated with just common stock in the denominator, then it results in a measure of the amount that a common shareholder would receive upon liquidation of the company. Finally, divide the equity by the preferred equity to find the book value per share, A good book value per share is one that is above the current stock price. The two measures are based upon different information. When looking at book value per share, there are a few things to keep in mind: The book value is only as good as the accounting methods used to calculate it. Where the Book Value per Share (BVPS) is calculated by the following formula: Book Value Per Share = [ (Total Shareholder Equity - Preferred Equity) Total Outstanding Shares] The long equation for calculating the P/B ratio is as below: P/B Ratio = Market Price per Share/ [ (Total Shareholder Equity - Preferred Equity) Total Outstanding Shares] Since preferred stockholders have a higher claim on assets and earnings than common shareholders, preferred stock is subtracted from shareholders' equity to derive the equity available to common shareholders. Companies that store inventory in a warehouse can count all of that inventory toward their book value. TotalSharesOutstanding The market value is what someone would pay for all of the company's assets, liabilities, and equity. This means that the company is trading below its assets and would be a good investment opportunity. This means that the BVPS is ($10 million / 1 million shares), or $10 per share. Ashley looks at their stock chart and finds their equity is $9.6 million. To calculate book value per share, you need the following variables: total equity, preferred equity, and total outstanding shares. Book valueshare interpretation book value per share. Finally, divide the equity by the preferred equity to find the book value per share. The measurement is rarely used internally; instead, it is used by investors who are evaluating the price of a company's stock. Book value also favors businesses with physical assets. The calculation of its book value per share is: One limitation of book value per share is that, in and of itself, it doesn't tell you much as an investor. Consequently, it is dangerous to compare the two measures. What is the Book Value Per Share Formula (BVPS)? Another way to increase BVPS is to repurchase common stock from shareholders and many companies use earnings to buy back shares. It identifies the spread between market value and book value for a share of stock. If, for example, the company generates $500,000 in earnings and uses $200,000 of the profits to buy assets, common equity increases along with BVPS. A short-term event, such as astock buy-back,can skew period-ending values, and this would influence results and diminish their reliability. As a common shareholder, she wants to know the minimum equity that she would have a claim on. A copy of Carbon Collective's current written disclosure statement discussing Carbon Collectives business operations, services, and fees is available at the SECs investment adviser public information website www.adviserinfo.sec.gov or our legal documents here. On the other hand, when the BVPS is more than the stock price, that means an investor can essentially buy a share in a company's assets for less than those assets are actually worth. When combined with other analyses, it can be helpful in making investment decisions. The outstanding shares would be the total of the shares that are owned by shareholders. Ideally, investors are searching for stocks that have not peaked in their value. An increase in a companys potential profitability or expected growth rate should increase the market value per share. He currently researches and teaches economic sociology and the social studies of finance at the Hebrew University in Jerusalem. In theory, BVPS is the sum that shareholders would receive in the event that the firm was liquidated, all of the tangible assets were sold and all of the liabilities were paid. Imagine that a company has $20 million worth of stockholders' equity, $5 million worth of preferred stock, and an average of 5 million shares outstanding. Not an offer, solicitation of an offer, or advice to buy or sell securities in jurisdictions where Carbon Collective is not registered. As stated above, the preferred stock is owned by investors who have given capital to the company. If a company was interested in increasing its BVPS amount, they have a couple of options. Book value of equity per share effectively indicates a firm's net asset value (total assets - total liabilities) on a per-share basis. It expresses the minimum value that would be available to common shareholders after debts are paid. TotalEquity Since public companies are owned by shareholders, this is also known as the total shareholders' equity. they would still be left with more book value per share than the then prevailing . To better understand book value per share, it helps to break down each aspect of the ratio. The book value per share formula is: BVPS = (Total Assets - Total Liabilities) / Outstanding Shares For example, Apple has a total asset value of $351 billion and a total liabilities value of $288 billion. The formula requires you to know the companys total equity. When used correctly, book value per share can be a helpful tool in your investment decision-making process. An asset's book value is equal to its carrying value on the balance sheet, and companies calculate it by netting the asset against its accumulated depreciation. The calculation of its book value per share is: $15,000,000 Stockholders' equity - $3,000,000 Preferred stock 2,000,000 Average shares outstanding = $6.00 Book value per share Problems with Book Value per Share Anyone using this measure should be aware of two issues, which are noted below. Peggy James is a CPA with over 9 years of experience in accounting and finance, including corporate, nonprofit, and personal finance environments. To find the equity, you should subtract the companys liabilities from its assets. has less debt). The price to book value ratio can be used to make some serious interpretations about the business of the company and how the market is reacting to it. It can be used to compare a company's stock price to its book value. S If the company was liquidated, how much could they claim after liabilities? Comparing BVPS to a stock's market price could help value investors find opportunities. It is the theoretical amount of money left if you sell all the assets and pay all the liabilities. While BVPS is calculated using historical costs, the market value per share is a forward-looking metric that takes into account a company's future earning power. Book value is equal to a company's current market value divided by the "book value" of all of its shares. This figure represents the minimum value of a company's equity and measures the book value of a firm on a per-share basis. In theory, BVPS is the sum that shareholders would receive in the event that the firm was liquidated, all of the tangible assets were sold and all of the liabilities were paid. In other words, the ratio is used to compare a business's net assets that are available in relation to the sales price of its stock. An asset's book value is calculated by subtracting depreciation from the purchase value of an asset. The formula for book value per share is to subtract preferred stock from stockholders' equity, and divide by the average number of shares outstanding. Next, find the preferred equity by dividing total liabilities by total shares outstanding. Book value per share is one way of gauging the value of a stock. Shareholders equity is the owners residual claim in the company after debts have been paid. For more details, see our Form CRS, Form ADV Part 2 and other disclosures. What is the definition of book value per shares? The book value per share (BVPS) metric can be used by investors to gauge whether a stock price is undervalued by comparing it to the firm's market value per share. Another way to increase BVPS is to repurchase common stock from shareholders. There are a few factors that can influence a company's book value per share: The accounting methods used to calculate it. Stock Buybacks: Why Do Companies Buy Back Shares? The information needed to calculate BVPS is found on a company's balance sheet. If there are 17 million shares outstanding, the book value per share would be $3.78 ($351 billion $288 billion / 17 million). He is a CFA charterholder as well as holding FINRA Series 7, 55 & 63 licenses. In this paper, we evaluate the efficacy of two value drivers namely, earnings per share and book value for developing stock price forecasts using two performance evaluation criteria: 1). This can be seen as a positive sign for the future of the company and its stock price. Keep these factors in mind when looking at book value per share, and be sure to do your own research before investing in any stock. Depreciation is generally an estimate, and there are various methods for calculating depreciation. What Is Return on Investment (ROI) for Small Businesses? Carbon Collective does not make any representations or warranties as to the accuracy, timeliness, suitability, completeness, or relevance of any information prepared by any unaffiliated third party, whether linked to Carbon Collectives web site or incorporated herein, and takes no responsibility therefor. P You also need to know the total amount of preferred equity. It can be used to compare a company's financial performance to that of its peers. When compared to the current market value per share, the book value per share can provide information on how a company's stock is valued. If a companys BVPS is higher than its market value per share, which is its current stock price, then the stock is considered undervalued. Meaning of Book Value Per Share. Along with teaching finance for nearly three decades at schools including the University of Kentucky, Rosemary has served as a financial consultant for companies including Accenture and has developed online course materials in finance for universities and corporations. Required fields are marked *. Thus, this measure is a possible indicator of the value of a company's stock; it may be factored into a general investigation of what the market price of a share should be, though other factors concerning cash flows, product sales, and so forth should also be considered. They have also worked as a writer and editor for various companies, and have published cultural studies work in an academic journal. Unlike BVPS, market price per share is not fixed as it fluctuates based solely on market forces of supply and demand. The book-to-market ratio is used to find the value of a company by comparing its book value to its market value, with a high ratio indicating a potential value stock. B The, Yahoo Finance is one of the most frequently used sources of news and stock, Dollar-cost averaging is an investment strategy where instead of investing all available cash/capital at. Book Value of Equity = 1.13 Calculation when a stock price increases to $20 can be done as follows, =45000000/80000000 Book Value of Equity = 0.56 Interpretation In the original scenario, the Book-to-Market ratio shows that the stock is fairly priced since the investors are willing to pay exactly what the net assets in the company are worth. If a company's stock is trading below its book value, it may be seen as undervalued by the market. To calculate the book value per share, you must first calculate the book value, then divide by the number of common shares. The book value per share (BVPS) is calculated by taking the ratio of equity available to common stockholders against the number of shares outstanding. While book value per share is not the only metric to consider when investing in stocks, it can be a helpful tool in your investment decision-making process. Book value per share (BVPS) is a measure of value of a company's common share based on book value of the shareholders' equity of the company. The book value of a company, stripped to basics, is the value of the company the stockholders will own. We can apply the values to our variables and calculate the book value per share: In this case, the book value per share for this soda company would be $0.11. The book value of a firm is the difference between . The Interpretation of Financial Statements. P.S. A high market to book ratio indicates that a stock is expensive, while a low ratio indicates that it is cheap. You should be including all types of assets available. If XYZ uses $300,000 of its earnings to reduce liabilities, common equity also increases. If they are trading below book value, she should watch out. Additionally, some industries can have a cyclical pattern to them, meaning that sometimes they are doing well while other times they may seem to fall behind. She holds a Bachelor of Science in Finance degree from Bridgewater State University and has worked on print content for business owners, national brands, and major publications. Book value per share (BVPS) is a method to calculate the per-share book value of a company based on common shareholders' equity in the company. Book value per common share (BVPS) derives a company's book value on a per-share basis. As with many other calculations and financial principles, the BVPS should not be the only metric you examine. = She can also see that they have $61.5 million shares outstanding. That doesn't allow for growth estimates. Here are a few examples of companies with high and low book value per share: High BVPS: Walmart (WMT), Microsoft Corporation (MSFT), Amazon.com, Inc. (AMZN), Low BVPS: Ford Motor Company (F), Peloton (PTON), GoPro. A company may have a high BVPS, but if its peers have a higher BVPS, it may be seen as undervalued by the market. This calculation gives you a snapshot of how much each share in the company is worth (more on that later). Preferred equity is money owed to preferred shareholders that have an invested stake in the company and are paid dividends first at a fixed rate. Adam Hayes, Ph.D., CFA, is a financial writer with 15+ years Wall Street experience as a derivatives trader. Rosemary Carlson is a finance instructor, author, and consultant who has written about business and personal finance for The Balance since 2008. Book value of equity per share effectively indicates a firm's net asset value (total assets - total liabilities) on a per-share basis. The book value per share (BVPS) is a ratio that weighs stockholders' total equity against the number of shares outstanding. The BVPS meaning in stock market is the sum that shareholders would get in the event that the company was liquidated after all liabilities have been paid and all tangible assets sold . So instead, you can look at the book value of the company. 110 Therefore, P/B ratio = 95/110 = 0.86 Interpretation of P/B Value Ratio As mentioned previously, the Price-to-book ratio is utilised by value investors to ferret out company stocks that are undervalued. When compared to the current market value per share, the book value per share can provide information on how a company's stock is valued. The articles and research support materials available on this site are educational and are not intended to be investment or tax advice. Similarly, the value of in-house research and development activities could be very high, and yet this expenditure is charged straight to expense in most cases. Equity typically refers to shareholders' equity, which represents the residual value to shareholders after debts and liabilities have been settled. With an understanding of what the BVPS means, Ashley can compare this result with how the company is trading on the market. To determine a company's book value, you'll need to look at its balance. A high book value is not always good. Price to Book Ratio (P/B) = Market Capitalization Book Value of Equity Or, alternatively, the P/B ratio can also be calculated by dividing the latest closing share price of the company by its most recent book value per share. Another limitation is that BVPS is a conservative analysis of a company. This means that the company is trading below its assets and would be a good investment opportunity. For example, Apple has a total asset value of $351 billion and a total liabilities value of $288 billion. Price to Book Ratio (P/B) = Market Share Price Book Value of Equity Per Share How to Interpret the Price to Book Ratio The book value is calculated by subtracting a company's liabilities from its assets. This total is then parsed out among each share for common shareholders. 2022 Carbon Collective Corporation. The book value per share is a finance tool used to assess the current stock price of a company. For calculating book values to derive this ratio, an investor can use the following formula: Book Value = Total Assets - Total Liabilities - Preferred Stock - Intangible Assets or Book Value = Shareholder's Equity (Broadly, Equity Share Capital + Reserves and Surpluses) FULL RATIO ANALYSIS (32 RATIOS) RATIO ANALYSIS Profitability Ratio Book value per share is a fairly conservative way to measure a stock's value. For a guide on more important metrics to analyze, click here. However, if this builds brand value and the company is able to charge premium prices for its products, its stock price might rise far above its BVPS. Diluted Earnings, Fundamental Analysis: Understanding Price-to-Book Ratio, 3 Debt Management Ratios for Your Small Business. Book value is less than market value because the market value includes the current stock price, which is more than the book value. Firm D's book value per share at the end of Year 2 was: While book value per share as a metric is not perfect, it can give you a general idea of how strong or weak a company is from a financial standpoint. It's important to use the average number of outstanding shares in this calculation. Pages 41 Ratings 100% (1) 1 out of 1 people found this document helpful; This . BVPS=TotalSharesOutstandingTotalEquityPreferredEquity. Firm A's common stock has a par value per share of $1, market value per share of $90, earnings per share of $5, dividends per share of $2, and a book value per share of $60. Next, find the preferred equity by dividing total liabilities by total shares outstanding. BVPS\ =\ \frac{\text{Total Equity}\ -\ \text{Preferred Equity}}{\text{Total Shares Outstanding}} Anyone using this measure should be aware of two issues, which are noted below. Firm A's dividend payout ratio (rounded to one decimal) is: Breaking down the book value on a per-share may help investors decide whether they think the stock's market value is overpriced or underpriced. Book value per share compares the amount of stockholders' equity to the number of shares outstanding. The book value per share is the minimum cash value of a company and its equity for common shareholders. However, its value lies in the fact that investors use it to gauge whether a stock price is undervalued by comparing it to the firm's market value per share. First, find the equity by subtracting liabilities from assets. Can they improve their income to increase cash flow? School No School; Course Title AA 1; Uploaded By AgentScorpionMaster1421. The market value per share is a forward-looking measure of what the investment community believes a company's shares are worth; conversely, the book value per share is an accounting measure that is not forward-looking at all. The book value doesn't always reflect a company's true value. ABC International has $15,000,000 of stockholders' equity, $3,000,000 of preferred stock, and and an average of 2,000,000 shares outstanding during the measurement period. Just the BVPS will not always give you an accurate indication of a companys health. What is the Book Value Per Share (BVPS)? Your email address will not be published. BVPS = (Total Assets Total Liabilities) / Outstanding Shares. Investing in securities involves risks, and there is always the potential of losing money when you invest in securities. In essence, the book value per share seeks to find out how much are people with common stocks entitled to from the companys equity based on the number of shares they own. The formula for book value per share requires three variables: total equity, preferred equity, and total outstanding shares. 5. These values will be found on a company's balance sheet. Using data from Wisesheets, you can easily get the company's historical quarterly and annual book value per share as well as countless other important key metrics such as ROIC, PE, ROE, EPS, etc. High Price to Book Ratios - Proper Interpretation and Evaluation With stock investing, one of the valuation ratios used for comparison purposes is the price to book ratio. If a companys BVPS is higher than its market value per shareits current stock pricethen the stock is considered undervalued. The Formula is represented as, 2) Market to Book Ratio Formula = Market Capitalization / Total Book Value. Conversely, a low BVPS may signal that a company is struggling financially and could be at risk of bankruptcy. They may generate sales with that software, but there isn't a warehouse full of software code that investors can look at to gauge future sales. Book value per share (BVPS) is the minimum cash value of a company and its equity. Book value per share (BVPS) takes the ratio of a firm's common equity divided by its number of shares outstanding. When a stock is undervalued, it will have a. She most recently worked at Duke University and is the owner of Peggy James, CPA, PLLC, serving small businesses, nonprofits, solopreneurs, freelancers, and individuals. Investors often look at the book value per share because it provides insight into a company's financial health. Besides his extensive derivative trading expertise, Adam is an expert in economics and behavioral finance. Otherwise, the book value per share would be inflated and inaccurate. The book value is the total equity, or net asset value, of a company. The book value includes all of the equipment and property owned by the company, as well as any cash holdings or inventory on hand. In other words, this measures a company's total assets, minus its total liabilities, on a per-share basis. Be sure to use the average number of shares, since the period-end amount may incorporate a recent stock buyback or issuance, which will skew the results. The price-to-book (P/B) ratio evaluates a firm's market value relative to its book value. To find the equity, you should subtract the company's liabilities from its assets. In a precise manner, book value per share is the amount that the shareholders would receive at the time of liquidation of a company after paying off all its debt and selling its tangible assets. The book value per share (BVPS) is a ratio of the total asset value of a firm minus its liabilities divided by the number of outstanding common shares of stock. Book value per common share (or, simply book value per share - BVPS) is a method to calculate the per-share book value of a company based on common shareholders' equity in the. It is equal to a firm's total assets minus its total liabilities, which is the net asset value or book value of the company as a whole. If the firm's BVPS increases, the stock should be perceived as more valuable, and the stock price should increase. First, they could work on growing their assets. The calculation of its book value per share is: $15,000,000 Stockholders' equity - $3,000,000 Preferred stock 2,000,000 Average shares outstanding. Preferred equity is money owed to preferred shareholders that have an invested stake in the company and are paid dividends first at a fixed rate. Hence, the book value per share interpretation effectively indicates a company's net asset value (i.e total assets - total liabilities) on a per-share basis. Here are some of the common interpretations made on the basis of price to book value ratio: . As the name suggests, the BVPS or book value per share is the individual value of every share in a listed company. Before investing, consider your investment objectives and Carbon Collective's charges and expenses. BVPS is used mainly by stock investors to evaluate a company's stock price. The market value is what someone would pay for all of the company's assets, liabilities, and equity. If you want to experience this yourself, create a free account on this link and forget about wasting time copy-pasting stock data for every company you analyze. The mix of assets and liabilities on the balance sheet. (GPRO). How Do You Calculate Book Value per Share? preferred shares. Book value per share is broadly used in relative valuation and usually to compare a firm's market value per share. For example, if two companies in the same industry have similar book values, but one has a much higher stock price, the company with the higher stock price may be seen as overvalued by the market. How do you calculate the book value per share? 1) Market to Book Ratio formula = Market value of stock / Book value per share. In simple terms, it is the total value of a company's assets divided by the number of shares the company has outstanding. When a stock is undervalued, it will have a higher book value per share in relation to its current stock price in the market. Throughout Year 2, there were 100,000 shares of common stock authorized, 60,000 shares issued, and 50,000 shares outstanding. While there are other factors to consider when investing in stocks, BVPS can be a valuable tool to help you make informed decisions. When investors are looking for undervalued stocks that may have good growth potential, they turn to the book value per share, which helps them identify the value of the required stock. The book value per share is a company's book value for every common share outstanding. The book value per share (BVPS) is calculated by taking the ratio of equity available to common stockholders against the number of shares outstanding. The BVPS is often used when the total amount of preferred stock outstanding is not available. The share aspect of this ratio refers to the common shares of the company. The book value is the amount that would be left if the company liquidated all of its assets and repaid all of its liabilities. A company must calculate the value of each asset that it owns. Suzanne is a researcher, writer, and fact-checker. Intangible assets such as goodwill or patents. Advisory services provided by Carbon Collective Investment LLC (Carbon Collective"), an SEC-registered investment adviser. Be sure to look at a company's financial statements, stock price, and other factors before making any investment decisions. This could be cash, accounts receivable, investments, property, equipment, or inventory. The net asset value that investors get when they acquire a share of stock is measured by book value per share. These factors can yield a massive disparity between book value and market value. It can indicate that the company is doing well, but it can also be a sign that the stock price has already peaked. This can also be found on a balance sheet but is usually spread out over a couple of different sections. If a company's share price falls below its BVPS, a corporate raider could make a risk-free profit by buying the company and liquidating it. Next, they can look at reducing their liabilities by selling unnecessary assets or using cash flow to pay down debts. Book value per share (BVPS) is the ratio of equity available to common shareholders divided by the number of outstanding shares. Using the XYZ example, assume that the firm repurchases 200,000 shares of stock and that 800,000 shares remain outstanding. The book value equals the net assets of the company and comes from the balance sheet. It's just one metric to consider when investing in stocks. V The book value is also known as its net asset value, which is the assets after liabilities. In other words, it's a way to measure a company's intrinsic value. Besides stock repurchases, a company can also increase BVPS by taking steps to increase the asset balance and reduce liabilities. Your email address will not be published. The book value is the difference between total assets and liabilities. While this is usually found on a balance sheet, it is helpful to know how to retrieve this value yourself. If the market value per share is lower than the book value per share, then the stock price may be undervalued. Book value per share (BVPS) is an important metric for individual stock investors to understand. If XYZ can generate higher profits and use those profits to buy more assets or reduce liabilities, the firm's common equity increases. 2. In other words, this measures a company's total assets, minus its total liabilities, on a per-share basis. However, because we have already removed the preferred equity, this formula tells us the book value of the equity per common share. They were the recipient of the North American Studies Book Prize (2016, 2017), and they have previous experience as an economics research assistant. Book value per share is a ratio that compares the net asset value of a company, minus preferred equity, to the total number of common shares available on the market. How Can You Calculate Book Value of Equity per Share (BVPS) in Excel? Book value per share is an important number for investors to measure how underperforming or overvalued a stock is on the market when pitched in comparison with the corresponding market value per share. To calculate book value per share, you need the following variables: total equity, preferred equity, and total outstanding shares. The Graham number is the upper bound of the price range that a defensive investor should pay for a stock. What would the book value per share be? They want to be able to jump in early to then see the company grow. The book value concept tends to undervalue (sometimes to a considerable extent) a number of assets. Their preferred equity is $3.09 million. It simply measures the present financial standing of the company. For example, the value of a brand, which has been built up through many years of marketing expenditures, may be the primary asset of a company, and yet not appear in the book value figure at all. Many companies keep a controlling number of shares for themselves already. An increase in a companys potential profitability or expected growth rate should increase the market value per share. they would still be left with more book value per share than the then prevailing . They are not intended to provide comprehensive tax advice or financial planning with respect to every aspect of a client's financial situation and do not incorporate specific investments that clients hold elsewhere. Yahoo Finance is a great tool for accessing financial news and stock data. Or, it could use its earnings to reduce liabilities, which would also result in an increase in its common equity and BVPS. Liabilities would total up any debt (long term or short term), taxes, fees, and anything owed to creditors or suppliers. However, tech companies that specialize in creating software don't have an asset that is stored somewhere, and they don't require expensive industrial equipment to produce their product. It's important to compare a company's BVPS to its peers. In this equation, book value per share is calculated as follows: (total assets - total liabilities) / number of shares outstanding). Some companies may use creative accounting practices to artificially inflate their book value. Here are some of the common interpretations made on the basis of price to book value ratio: . Their role as fact checker is to review articles for accuracy, update data as needed, and verify all facts by citing trusted sources. 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