B0S 1M0, Canada. Consumer Health: What is kombucha tea? DISCLAIMER: Be aware that I am not a doctor. Signs also include loss of appetite, weight loss, lethargy, and an increase in thirst and urination. The outlook for severely affected dogs is poor. Citations may include links to full text content from PubMed Central and publisher web sites. If HBsAg is present, a second test usually done on the same blood sample that detects the antibody for the hepatitis B core antigen (anti-HBcAg) can differentiate between acute and chronic infection. [116], Acute hepatitis B infections become less likely to progress to chronic forms as the age of the patient increases, with rates of progression approaching 90% in vertically transmitted cases of infants compared to 1% risk in young adults. [167], "Hepatite" redirects here. [132] NASH is thought to be the primary cause of cirrhosis in approximately 25% of patients in the United States, representing 12% of the general population. Well let's take a look. Kidneys are usually grilled or sauted, but in more complex dishes they are stewed with a sauce that will improve their flavor. The condition can occur in dogs with certain longterm diseases, such as diabetes mellitus and certain tumors, and the longterm use of certain drugs, such as phenobarbital. If youre at increased risk, talk to your doctor about having hepatitis A and B vaccinations. Tumors that originate in the liver (called primary tumors) are less common than those caused by spread from another part in the body. Signs of an acquired shunt include excessive thirst, vomiting, and diarrhea. Normal adult right kidney as seen on abdominal ultrasound with a pole to pole measurement of 9.34cm. Learn to like kale, lima beans, brussel sprouts, etc. Renin is an enzyme which regulates angiotensin and aldosterone levels. [4], Worldwide in 2015, hepatitis A occurred in about 114 million people, chronic hepatitis B affected about 343 million people and chronic hepatitis C about 142 million people. [99] Infected children have little to no apparent clinical illness, in contrast to adults in whom greater than 80% are symptomatic if infected. B0S 1P0, Canada, Edgewood Treatment Centre Life expectancy is 510 years for those on dialysis; some live up to 30 years. [102] Programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous have been successful in decreasing death due to cirrhosis, but it is difficult to evaluate their success in decreasing the incidence of alcoholic hepatitis.[103]. Fort Steele, BC This page was last edited on 2 December 2022, at 00:14. [31] Acute hepatitis is caused by Neisseria meningitidis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Bartonella henselae, Borrelia burgdorferi, salmonella species, brucella species and campylobacter species. Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is caused by factors other than excessive alcohol consumption. If you are prescribed medicines that could impact the liver, milk thistle is a good option to combat them. [51] Neonatal hepatitis can be idiopathic, and in such cases, biopsy often shows large multinucleated cells in the liver tissue. The omega-3 fats in flaxseed oil vs. fish oil differ, however. While the development of this condition is not completely understood, failure of the liver to clear poisons from the bloodstream, changes in amino acid metabolism caused by the liver disease, and neurologic changes may act together to cause this disorder. [156] It is believed that the green onions may have been contaminated through the use of contaminated water for crop irrigation, rinsing, or icing or by handling of the vegetables by infected people. The Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology (JAAD), the official scientific publication of the American Academy of Dermatology (AAD), aims to satisfy the educational needs of the dermatology community.As the specialty's leading journal, JAAD features original, peer-reviewed articles emphasizing: The fish oil is to get a significant source of omega 3 oil to balance the omega 6 you routinely get in food. [159] In a study of HIV-HCV co-infection among HIV positive men who have sex with men (MSM), the overall prevalence of anti-hepatitis C antibodies was estimated to be 8.1% and increased to 40% among HIV positive MSM who also injected drugs. doi:10.3390/nu9040387, 7 Kolodziejczyk AA, Zheng D, Shibolet O, Elinav E. The role of the microbiome in NAFLD and NASH. You dont even have to do gym workouts. Reptiles have relatively few nephrons compared with other amniotes of a similar size, possibly because of their lower metabolic rate. [3] Hepatitis C is commonly spread through infected blood such as may occur during needle sharing by intravenous drug users. Thoracic: A total of 1696 patients with lung cancer were reviewed, of whom 53 with AIS and 72 with MIA were included.The RFSs of AIS and MIA were all 100%, and the 10-year OSs of AIS and MIA were 98.1% and 97.2%, respectively. [22] Chronic hepatitis is often asymptomatic early in its course and is detected only by liver laboratory studies for screening purposes or to evaluate non-specific symptoms. Thoracic: A total of 1696 patients with lung cancer were reviewed, of whom 53 with AIS and 72 with MIA were included.The RFSs of AIS and MIA were all 100%, and the 10-year OSs of AIS and MIA were 98.1% and 97.2%, respectively. A pathologist/pathology assistant divides the specimen(s) for submission for light microscopy, immunofluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Currently, no evidence exists to prove that liver cleanses protect against liver disease. [156] The restaurant was closed once it was discovered to be the source, and over 9,000 people were given hepatitis A immune globulin because they had either eaten at the restaurant or had been in close contact with someone who had. The specific signs and effects depend on the drug and dosage. Signs that a dog has liver disease can vary and include loss of appetite, vomiting, stomach ulceration, diarrhea, seizures or other neurologic problems, fever, blood clotting problems, jaundice (a yellow tinge noticeable in the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes), fluid collection in the abdomen, excessive urination and thirst, changes in liver size, and weight loss. Nutrition Reviews. These fatty acids can be obtained through fish oil capsules. They include live cancer, alcoholic liver disease, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and hepatitis-caused cirrhosis. Recognize Cirrhosis. [144] Eventually, he came to the unifying conclusion that the Australia antigen was associated with viral hepatitis. [80][84] People who are high-risk whose blood tests negative for HBsAg can receive the hepatitis B vaccine to prevent future infection.[80][81][82][83]. The condition may be inherited in some breeds, including Shetland Sheepdogs. Most importantly, never mix alcohol with any medications. Are you considering a liver transplant? It detoxifies many substances that could be harmful to you and makes new proteins, fats, sugars, and digestive enzymes among many other vital functions.i So, if anything compromises your liver health and it cant do its job properly, youre in serious trouble. A gallbladder mucocele is an abnormal accumulation of bile within the bile ducts that results in a bile duct obstruction. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Follow the specific advice provided by your veterinarian. Gastrointestinal bleeding can be seen in animals with liver disease due to ulcers or problems with blood clotting. Accessed on January 5, 2022 from: https://www.hsph.harvard.edu/nutritionsource/vitamin-b1/, 18 Harvard T.H. [32] The most important risk factors for the development of alcoholic hepatitis are quantity and duration of alcohol intake. You should especially reduce your intake of saturated/trans fats since these are less healthy than unsaturated fats. For example, reducing your body fat also reduces your livers fat. A diseased donor provides a whole liver and a living donor provides a partial liver. [150], Hepatitis B accounts for a much larger percentage of health care spending in endemic regions like Asia. Activity: Many people with hepatitis prefer bed rest, though it is not necessary to avoid all physical activity while recovering. Toxoplasmosis Toxoplasmosis in Dogs Toxoplasmosis is caused by Toxoplasma gondii, a protozoan parasite that infects humans and other warmblooded animals. A biopsy is often needed for a definitive diagnosis. All rights reserved. Weve already mentioned fruit and honey. Jaundice (a yellow tinge noticeable in the skin, mucous membranes, and eyes) is often the main sign of diseases of the gallbladder and bile duct. Fun Fact: Since 1988 over 750,000 organ transplants have taken place. HealthCentral combines medically vetted health information with personal stories and advice from patients to provide you with the tools and inspiration to navigate life and make informed choices. Those at high risk and in need of screening include:[76][77][78], The presence of anti-hepatitis A IgG in the blood indicates past infection with the virus or prior vaccination.[79]. Hepatitis A is found throughout the world and manifests as large outbreaks and epidemics associated with fecal contamination of water and food sources. They are located on the left and right in the retroperitoneal space, and in adult humans are about .mw-parser-output .frac{white-space:nowrap}.mw-parser-output .frac .num,.mw-parser-output .frac .den{font-size:80%;line-height:0;vertical-align:super}.mw-parser-output .frac .den{vertical-align:sub}.mw-parser-output .sr-only{border:0;clip:rect(0,0,0,0);height:1px;margin:-1px;overflow:hidden;padding:0;position:absolute;width:1px}12 centimetres (4+12 inches) in length. Affected dogs are jaundiced and unthrifty at a young age. It is more common in dogs than in cats. If a single liver lobe is involved, surgical removal of the involved lobe is often recommended. There are various alternatives like sparkling water, which produces a similar taste as alcoholic drinks without alcohol, to help avoid liver transplant waiting list by state. [31], Excessive alcohol consumption is a significant cause of hepatitis and is the most common cause of cirrhosis in the U.S.[29] Alcoholic hepatitis is within the spectrum of alcoholic liver disease. [29], When the liver is involved, alpha-1-antitrypsin deficiency and Wilson's disease tend to present as hepatitis in the neonatal period or in childhood. [29] Patients are asymptomatic 2534% of the time, and the diagnosis is suspected on the basis of abnormal liver function tests. If you continue to injure your liver via drugs, excessive alcohol intake, or poor diet, this can prevent regeneration, which may eventually lead to scarring of the liver. Tissue damage triggers healing, which can lead to fibrosis (scarring) when the cells arent able to fully form in exactly the same way as the original cells. In general, the read more . Calgary, AB You get the idea. This is the web site of the International DOI Foundation (IDF), a not-for-profit membership organization that is the governance and management body for the federation of Registration Agencies providing Digital Object Identifier (DOI) services and registration, and is the registration authority for the ISO standard (ISO 26324) for the DOI system. Gallstones are diagnosed by ultrasonography. One of these functions is detoxification and neutralizing toxins. Vitamins D and the B vitaminsspecifically vitamins B1 (thiamine), B9 (folate), and B12 (cobalamin)play a key role in supporting your liver health.10,12,xiii And anything you eat that feeds beneficial gut flora or encourages them to grow (namely, prebiotic and probiotic foods) will protect and support your liver.2. [28] Since widespread screening of blood products for hepatitis C began in 1992, the risk of acquiring hepatitis C from a blood transfusion has decreased from approximately 10% in the 1970s to 1 in 2 million currently. The Medical Services Advisory Committee (MSAC) is an independent non-statutory committee established by the Australian Government Minister for Health in 1998. Each hormone acts via multiple mechanisms, but both increase the kidney's absorption of sodium chloride, thereby expanding the extracellular fluid compartment and raising blood pressure. However, the situation is not always so simple; in cartilaginous fish and some amphibians, there is also a shorter duct, similar to the amniote ureter, which drains the posterior (metanephric) parts of the kidney, and joins with the archinephric duct at the bladder or cloaca. 2020; 26(18):2203-2220. [91] It affects predominantly young adults, causing acute hepatitis. This is a surgical procedure thats done to remove part or all of a diseased liver. [109][110] Unfortunately, there are currently no drug treatments that decrease these patients' risk of dying in the longer term, at 312 months and beyond. [91], As excessive alcohol consumption can lead to hepatitis and cirrhosis, the following are maximal recommendations for alcohol consumption:[96], In the United States, universal immunization has led to a two-thirds decrease in hospital admissions and medical expenses due to hepatitis A. If so then you should know about the liver transplant waiting list by state. Detoxing your liver: Fact versus fiction. [97], In the United States new cases of hepatitis B decreased 75% from 1990 to 2004. Fatty fish like salmon, mackerel, and sardines are packed with omega-3 fatty acids, a highly nutritious fat that supports liver function and quells inflammation associated with fatty liver disease. If anti-hepitits D virus antibody is present, a confirmatory test to detect HDV RNA DNA inidicates chronic disease. [124] It is a common medical reason for liver transplantation due to its severe complications. This is especially important in terms of avoiding being overweight and obese. 1 Lala V, Minter DA. References. There are several drugs available for treatment, but they rarely cure the disease. In people with hepatitis B who later acquire hepatitis D (superinfection), chronic infection is much more common at 80-90%, and liver disease progression is accelerated.[107][117]. Recognize Cirrhosis. [29], Many chemical agents, including medications, industrial toxins, and herbal and dietary supplements, can cause hepatitis. The range of possible complications includes liver fibrosis (scarring), advanced fibrosis, liver cirrhosis (liver cell death), liver cancer, and even liver failure.vi,vii,viii. This is the best general approach to take in order to treat your liver cirrhosis as effectively as possible. [18][19] Sensory input from the kidney travels to the T10-11 levels of the spinal cord and is sensed in the corresponding dermatome. So its important to deal with liver disease as effectively as possible. Amino acids are reabsorbed by sodium dependent transporters in the proximal tubule. And if youre getting a tattoo, ensure you choose a shop that practices safety and cleanliness and is inspected and approved by the state health department. Signs of this disorder include an enlarged liver, retarded growth, and weakness due to low blood sugar levels. Blumberg continued to study the antigen, and eventually developed the first hepatitis B vaccine using plasma rich in HBsAg, for which he received the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 1976. The liver secretes bile, a substance that assists with digestion and absorption of fats and with elimination of certain waste products from the body. Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. [16][99] In the United States and Northern Europe, populations at risk are intravenous drug users and people who receive multiple transfusions. It is as if the blood system were finding a detour around a traffic jam. Flaxseed oil contains the omega-3 fatty acid called alpha-linolenic acid (ALA,) whereas fish oil contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). [52] This disease is termed giant cell hepatitis and may be associated with viral infection, autoimmune disorders, and drug toxicity. [156] The CDC believes that the restaurant's use of a large communal bucket for chopped raw green onion allowed non-contaminated plants to be mixed with contaminated ones, increasing the number of vectors of infection and amplifying the outbreak. This page was last edited on 7 December 2022, at 13:19. Nephrology is the subspeciality under Internal Medicine that deals with kidney function and disease states related to renal malfunction and their management including dialysis and kidney transplantation. Handle chemicals safely: Chemicals and toxins can enter your body via your skin. [125] Hepatitis C is particularly prevalent among people born between 1945 and 1965, a group of about 800,000 people, with prevalence as high as 3.2% versus 1.6% in the general U.S. There is no evidence that liver cleanses aid in weight loss. Xrays and ultrasonography can help your veterinarian determine liver size and find irregularities, gallstones, and diseases of the gallbladder. The kidneys receive approximately 2025% of cardiac output in adult human. [23] Viral hepatitis is caused by five different viruses (hepatitis A, B, C, D, and E). It may help reduce your risk of liver disease. [33] Toxins and medications can cause liver injury through a variety of mechanisms, including direct cell damage, disruption of cell metabolism, and causing structural changes. After age 65, men should also revert to one standard drink per day. Loss of appetite, abdominal pain, jaundice, fever, and vomiting are common signs. It is accomplished via selective receptors on the luminal cell membrane. Flaxseed oil contains the omega-3 fatty acid called alpha-linolenic acid (ALA,) whereas fish oil contains docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA). Nutrients. [166], Evidence does not indicate that mode of delivery (i.e. {{configCtrl2.info.metaDescription}} Sign up today to receive the latest news and updates from UpToDate. (2014). 2017;9(10). UpToDate, electronic clinical resource tool for physicians and patients that provides information on Adult Primary Care and Internal Medicine, Allergy and Immunology, Cardiovascular Medicine, Emergency Medicine, Endocrinology and Diabetes, Family Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Hematology, Infectious Diseases, Nephrology and Hypertension, Neurology, Medical treatment of the disease to minimize the neurologic signs and fluid build-up in the abdomen can result in a favorable outlook for some dogs with this condition. Alcohol has a high incidence of addiction and a genuine liver toxicity apart from noxious effects on various body parts. The only cure for liver cirrhosis is a liver transplant. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins.Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder. They receive blood from the paired renal arteries; blood exits into the paired renal veins.Each kidney is attached to a ureter, a tube that carries excreted urine to the bladder. [16][99] A history of intravenous drug injection is the most important risk factor for chronic hepatitis C.[124] Other susceptible populations include those engaged in high-risk sexual behavior, infants of infected mothers, and healthcare workers. [citation needed], Hepatitis B and C can present either acutely or chronically. Nutrients. Symptoms include chronic diarrhea, anal and intestinal blisters, purple urine, and burnt popcorn scented breath. [16] It accounts for more than 55,000 deaths annually with approximately 20 million people worldwide thought to be infected with the virus. What Does It Mean to Have an Opioid Overdose? The potential of flavonoids in the treatment of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. The next insight regarding hepatitis B was a serendipitous one by Dr. Baruch Blumberg, a researcher at the NIH who did not set out to research hepatitis, but rather studied lipoprotein genetics. While on the list youre required to get follow-up checkups and bloodwork every couple of months. Who We Help . The inflammation can also spread to the surrounding branches of the bile duct and the liver. When the body is experiencing acidic conditions, it will increase the respiratory rate which in turn drives off CO2 and decreases the H+ concentration, therefore increasing the pH. [10] A liver transplant may be an option in both acute and chronic liver failure. Drink 3 to 4 cups of paper filtered coffee daily, eliminate most saturated fat and no red meat, eliminate trans-fat and all hydrogenated oils, eliminate processed grains, no white flour or white rice, Avoid most products hustled by the supplement industry, Make sure that any medications you take are not harming your liver, For oil get 60 ml, that's 1/4 cup, a day of extra virgin olive oil, Take one tablespoon per day of refined fish or salmon oil, Don't buy prepared foods without reading the label, there isn't actually much that you can buy, Eat lots of fruits and vegetables but remember the salt limit. Birds have small glomeruli, but about twice as many nephrons as similarly sized mammals. Hepatitis is inflammation of the liver tissue. In: StatPearls. Please see Liver Liver for more information on copper-associated liver disease. [61][62][63] Over time, this abnormal lipid deposition triggers the immune system via toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) resulting in the production of inflammatory cytokines such as TNF that cause liver cell injury and death. [32][63][109] Without any treatment, 20-50% of patients may die within a month, but evidence shows treatment may extend life beyond one month (i.e., reduce short-term mortality). Glycogen storage diseases are caused by a deficiency of certain enzymes and result in failure of glycogen to be released from cells. [99], Alcoholic hepatitis (AH) in its severe form has a one-month mortality as high as 50%. To protect yourself, wear a mask, gloves, and long-sleeved pants or shirts when handling chemicals, insecticides, fungicides, or paint. [149] Cost effectiveness studies have found widespread vaccination of adults to not be feasible, but have stated that a combination hepatitis A and B vaccination of children and at risk groups (people from endemic areas, healthcare workers) may be. [80][81][82] vaginal vs. cesarean) is better at reducing vertical transmission in mothers with HBV. For example, a severe burn on your hand is more likely to leave a scar after it heals than a slight surface scratch. [33][34][39], Non-alcoholic hepatitis is within the spectrum of non-alcoholic liver disease (NALD), which ranges in severity and reversibility from non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) to cirrhosis to liver cancer, similar to the spectrum of alcoholic liver disease. [33], Herbal remedies and dietary supplements are another important cause of hepatitis; these are the most common causes of drug-induced hepatitis in Korea. [154] It has been estimated that a person infected with hepatitis C in the United States will result in a monthly cost of $691. The trusted provider of veterinary information since 1955, Introduction to Digestive Disorders of Dogs, Congenital and Inherited Disorders of the Digestive System of Dogs, Disorders of the Pharynx (Throat) in Dogs, Disorders of the Stomach and Intestines in Dogs, Disorders Caused by Bacteria in the Digestive System of Dogs, Disorders Caused by Protozoa in the Digestive System of Dogs, Pancreatitis and Other Disorders of the Pancreas in Dogs, Disorders of the Liver and Gallbladder in Dogs, Medically Reviewed May 2018 | Modified Oct 2022. 2019;11(2). In 1970, David Dane first isolated the hepatitis B virion at London's Middlesex Hospital, and named the virion the 42-nm "Dane particle". Acquired shunts are usually seen in older animals and are more frequent in dogs than in cats. How can you cut back on your overall sugar intake? They obtain their nourishment by absorbing food from the hosts on which they grow. We do not control or have responsibility for the content of any third-party site. [8][12] Hepatitis results in more than a million deaths a year, most of which occur indirectly from liver scarring or liver cancer. Articles report on outcomes research, prospective studies, and controlled trials of new endoscopic instruments and treatment methods. vaginal vs. cesarean) has an effect on vertical transmission. [99][121][122] The availability of a childhood vaccine has significantly reduced infections in the United States, with incidence declining by more than 95% as of 2013. [107], Similar to hepatitis A, treatment of hepatitis E is supportive and includes rest and ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration. Also see professional content regarding liver and gallbladder disorders Hepatic Disease in Small Animals . The kidneys of fish and amphibians are typically narrow, elongated organs, occupying a significant portion of the trunk. The only cure for liver cirrhosis is a liver transplant. However, fibrosis can sometimes be reversed or reduced by the use of appropriate medications. AFLD is caused by excess alcohol consumption. [146][147], People infected with chronic hepatitis C tend to be frequent users of the health care system globally. Liver changes can also be seen in dogs with hypothyroidism. Your veterinarian may be able to feel masses in the abdomen that usually are not painful. [135] During World War II, estimates of soldiers affected by hepatitis were upwards of 10 million. [19] Overall, the five-year survival rate for chronic hepatitis B ranges from 97% in mild cases to 55% in severe cases with cirrhosis. Research proves that with proper treatment and good nutrition, cirrhosis can be make sure you add eggs and fatty fish like salmon to your diet. The respiratory system is the first line of defense when the body experiences and acid-base problem. The symptoms or clinical markers that are indicative of metabolic syndrome include the following:8, When NAFLD is left untreated, it can progress to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which is much more serious.5 Steatohepatitis means that the liver isnt only fatty, its also inflamed. [80][81][82][83] Specifically, these populations include people who are: Screening consists of a blood test that detects hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg). Who We Help . Filtration, which takes place at the renal corpuscle, is the process by which cells and large proteins are retained while materials of smaller molecular weights are[24] filtered from the blood to make an ultrafiltrate that eventually becomes urine. population. 2225 Lansdowne St West [123] Paradoxically, the highest rates of new infection now occur in young adults and adults who present with worse clinical illness. [27][99] In approximately two-thirds of patients who develop acute hepatitis B infection, no identifiable exposure is evident. For supplement dosages, follow the instructions on the manufacturers label. However, in dogs with vacuolar hepatopathy, abnormal amounts of glycogen accumulate within liver cells, distending them. Removal of the gallbladder may also be necessary. [104] SVR is defined as an undetectable viral load at 12 weeks after treatment completion and indicates a cure. Biliary atresia is the lack of development of bile ducts within the liver and is uncommon. 16 Boachie J, Adaikalakoteswari A, Samavat J, Saravanan P. Low vitamin B12 and lipid metabolism: evidence from pre-clinical and clinical studies. Research proves that with proper treatment and good nutrition, cirrhosis can be make sure you add eggs and fatty fish like salmon to your diet. [54] This was improved on by VF Marshall who is the first published use of a flexible endoscope based on fiber optics, which occurred in 1964. and prevent the potential progression to steatohepatitis, liver cirrhosis, liver cancer, and liver failure. Dialysis may be instituted when approximately 85%-90% of kidney function is lost, as indicated by a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) of less than 15. It is only in mammals that the kidney takes on its classical "kidney" shape, although there are some exceptions, such as the multilobed reniculate kidneys of pinnipeds and cetaceans. In addition, whole grains contain vitamins and minerals needed for optimal liver function. [33][34] The spectrum of drug-induced liver injury varies from acute hepatitis to chronic hepatitis to acute liver failure. This information should not be used as a substitute for professional diagnosis or treatment. May Reduce Liver Damage. The three most important factors to help you lose weight are calorie intake, calorie use, and diet quality. Chan, School of Public Health. Infectious canine hepatitis Infectious Canine Hepatitis Infectious canine hepatitis is a worldwide, contagious disease of dogs with signs that vary from a slight fever and congestion of the mucous membranes to severe depression, severe reduction read more , caused by canine adenovirus 1, can cause longterm inflammation and scarring of the liver in addition to causing death of liver tissue. 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