endstream opO" H/#YtK('#9Az=4w$q g%,(tlb\Rm54YGiZHmtP>^$1Hitn1NH35c(: # The source code file of the MATLAB code and the output can be viewed using MATLAB. 622 0 obj <>stream Experiment 1. Download these Free Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) MCQ Quiz Pdf and prepare for your upcoming exams Like Banking, SSC, Railway, UPSC, State PSC. Differential pulse code modulation uses the predictive waveform coding technique for signal conversion. Since differences between samples are expected to be smaller than the actual sampled amplitudes, fewer bits are requrired to represent the differences. The system transmits the difference between a given sample of the input signal and an estimated value of the given sample which is determined from previous estimated samples. >> In this Chapter, we first provide motivation for stereo images/video compression and then briefly describe the main contributions of our research. Point Clouds in MATLAB; Motion Estimation using MATLAB; 5G Explained: Demodulation Reference Signals in 5G NR; Objects Detection using template matching, histogr. Es stellt eine Erweiterung der Puls-Code-Modulation dar und ist eine Vorstufe zur Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation . 12 0 obj This example is similar to the one in the last section. The DPCM works on the principle of prediction. stream Fig.2 : A Differential pulse code modulation. A differential pulse code modulation coder has a pair of series connected arithmetic units connected to the input of a quantizer, with the output of the quantizer connected through a first multiplier to an input of the second arithmetic unit, and the output of the quantizer connected through an adder and further multiplier to the second input of the first arithmetic unit, the second input of . DOI: 10.1080/00207217908901053 Corpus ID: 109393752; Differential pulse-code modulation @article{Mitra1979DifferentialPM, title={Differential pulse-code modulation . D r @3b.ENFQ2A0n9b5H\2bpD|cK'q P!Dx,)j.VIKFx2 sz.2F4b [ R2PV /ColorSpace /DeviceRGB Error estimation is done as same as in DPCM. This application note will cover the ADPCM compression and decompression algorithms, performance comparison of all PICmicro devices, and an application using a PIC16C72 micro- In this modulation, the sampling rate is higher to reduce the number of steps to decrease the bandwidth of the signal. 2 . As a result, the need for better compression technology is always in demand. n Principle of Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) n Characteristics of DPCM quantization errors n Adaptive intra-interframe DPCM n Conditional Replenishment Bernd Girod: EE368b Image and Video Compression DPCM no. DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION: It is a technique of analog to digital signal conversion. how to copy arabic text from pdf. /Height 36 A pulse-code-modulation tape recorder for eight channels of audio information is described. The same technique also applied by using this modulation process. By using our site, you agree to our collection of information through the use of cookies. The underlying problem is the encoding of an image by a variable block size scheme, where the block size in encoded using a QT, each block is encoded by one of the admissible quantizers and the quantizers are transmitted using a first order differential pulse code modulation (DPCM) scheme along the scanning path. the double predictor differential 285.7 KB; Download file. The prediction may not be exact but it is very close to the actual sample value. Pulse modulation is a type of modulation in which the signal is transmitted in the form of pulses. 2. Pulse code modulation is the heart of technology in communications in today's digital world. The resulting technique is called differential pulse code modulation (DPCM). abstract We propose a fast and efficient algorithm which finds the optimal quad-tree (QT) decomposition with leaf dependencies in the rate distortion sense. Get Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) Multiple Choice Questions (MCQ Quiz) with answers and detailed solutions. "(($#$% '+++,.3332-3333333333 $ $ The samples of a signal that is sampled at that rate or close to generally have These are classified as: Pulse code modulation and Delta modulation Q.2. Adobe d C The value of the present sample is predicted from the past samples. Terry Sturtevant Electronics Pulse Width Modulation Sensors. To browse Academia.edu and the wider internet faster and more securely, please take a few seconds toupgrade your browser. Abstract In this report, we introduce a novel feed-forward adaptive quantization scheme called SAPQ (sampleadaptive product quantizer) as a structurally constrained vector quantizer. %PDF-1.6 % are increasing exponentially. Updated: February 2, 2006. . Pulse modulation can be classified into two major types. Using DPCM can reduce the bit rate of voice transmission down to 48 kbps. Scribd is the world's largest social reading and publishing site. Title Date 2 Midrise Quantizer, Midtread Quantizer, Differential Pulse Code Modulation(DPCM) & Delta modulation(DM) 21-09-2021 Aim 2. We first consider the case of a lossless motion compensated video coder (MCVC) and derive a general dynamic programming (DP) formulation which results in an optimal tradeoff between the DVF and the DFD. Expert Answer. 13 0 obj endstream Differentialpulsecodemodulation AccordingtotheNyquistsamplingcriterion,asignalmustbesampledat asamplingratethatisatleasttwicethehighestfrequencyinthesignal MiBench: A free, commercially representative embedded benchmark suite View PDF PCM-3240 User Manual View PDF New Line Current Differential Relay using GPS Synchronization View PDF Sampling and Pulse Code Modulation Chapter 6 View PDF CONTENTS View PDF Course title: Basics of digital telecommunications Study program . 10 0 obj In other words, the, change in amplitude between successive samples is relatively small. However, most source signals including speech sampled at the Nyquist rate or faster, exhibit significant correlation between successive samples. It can be used to transmit analogue information. To predict the value of a pixel from the previous values of the same row We predict that (for example). 3TIVE COMM ITTEE GENERAL ASPECTS OF DIGITAL TRANSMISSION SYSTEMS; TERMINAL EQUIPMENTS 51, 41, 3- AND %BITS SAMPLE EMBEDDED ADAPTIVE DIFFERENTIAL PULSE CODE MODULATION (ADPCM) Recommendation G.727 i Geneva, 1990 COPYRIGHT International Telecommunications Union/ITU TelecommunicationsLicensed by Informa In this paper, we demonstrate that in a JSC decoding context, use of this standard filter is suboptimal. PCM modulation is commonly used in audio and telephone transmission. Differential evolution-based pulse-width modulation technique for multiphase MC ISSN 1755-4535 Received on 26th August 2018 Revised 27th February 2019 Accepted on 25th April 2019 E-First on 10th July 2019 doi: 10.1049/iet-pel.2018.5862 www.ietdl.org Mohammad Ali1, Atif Iqbal2, Mohd Anas Anees1, Mohd Rizwan Khan1, Khaliqur Rahman2, Mohammad Ayyub1 Differential pulse-code modulation is a signal encoding process which adds functionalities based on the prediction of the samples of the signal. The technique is a variation of the digitized method known as pulse code modulation. When this pulse-coded signal is transmitted, 5 binary digits (or bits) are sent for each sample of xs(t) every Ts seconds. advanced double predictor differential pulse code modulation image transmission system over fading channel e-mail: 9124533@mail.dyu.edu.tw abstract in this study, we use quadtree segmentation method to improve the non-stationary statist -ic characteristics of digital image models. Abstract. This 1) DPCM requires less Bandwidth than PCM for transmitting the same signal 2) DPCM is used to decrease quantization noise. However, where the last example created predictor, partition, and codebook in a straightforward but haphazard way, this example uses the same codebook (now called initcodebook) as an initial guess for a new optimized codebook parameter. elegant crystal chandeliers; dundalk eagle yard sales near Fanling; rahu in scorpio; grandstream api; college football strength and conditioning program pdf tonsil stones treatment 1989 toyota 4runner front bumper randy young girls. Apparatus and method are disclosed for a differential pulse code modulated system. At the time of the PCM process, the differences between input sample signals are minimal. To learn more, view ourPrivacy Policy. D( Pj4( 3HE@hl3\4B 6#/A4Db0GEH+1"2P1@,r ,h1pocu1\2F2L[8)`7F8-Jisqn(!NF i9 Adaptive differential pulse-code modulation is a technique in which the size of the quantization step is varied, to allow the further reduction of the required data bandwidth to a given signal-to-noise . differential pulse code modulation (DPCM). hVmo6+%VE|h(lo"sQ[$9}$Gk x|xaD3K'zCs!APD Rb5G ' The input can be an analog signal or a digital signal. Task No. ! The main advantage is the PCM modulation only needs 8 kHz sampling frequency to maintain the original quality of audio. Example: Comparing Optimized and Nonoptimized DPCM Parameters. 11 0 obj 2. Using such educated guesses to help quantize a signal is known as predictive quantization. The differential pulse code modulation works on the principle of prediction. << << The output of a PCM will resemble a binary sequence. Svxo\8H&>ueuMu#~HVYcSF;FLx.sA H[?aU6m+cj $ qhh3tZa6r.f;,cZ`n-kFDnhkZd4Es,skI tc`cVHsU8e;X{=O6OD ~o;z>>Cz33~q70sDZIsj^ Z?\_6 yk/{Z k_ `~HuX^=[I ^rafcC[0Er0#u(V>a.on6U]qs@8h R6c/ >|\G6 VR]-"3r?Y"qqhK^:7 I1.A`V lnN:f'Hc7};3?7;dz3U+VnOw~w?|WPOQWv W?x*cwmTz>=e}o?ig?3z~ jF wtOmG2~li1vOOv1cw}OOgt1+W In the TL5501 ADC circuit, 0 and Vcc volts represent bits 0 . %PDF-1.2 The functions dpcmenco, dpcmdeco, and dpcmopt can . SAPQ quantizes each source sample using a sequence of quantizers. Afterwards, we formulate the coding problem for stereo images within the framework of predictive (or dependent) coding. Abstract A joint source channel coding scheme for error resilient image transmission is proposed. Down load the Differential Pulse Code Modulation files (tar or zip) 2. We c values with the preceding sample values. a !1AQa"q2B#$Rb34rC%Scs5&DTdEt6UeuF'Vfv7GWgw(8HXhx )9IYiy Block diagram of a DPCM encoder, Do not sell or share my personal information. The limited bandwidth of internet also asks for transmission of desired objects only. Analogue: Indication of sample amplitude is infinitely variable.. "/> 9 (a). Consequently an, A relatively simple solution is to encode the differences between, rather than the samples themselves. Usually, a predictive coding system includes displacement (disparity or motion) estimation/compensation, transform/quantization and entropy coding. 1.To write and simulate a MATLAB program of Mid Tread Quantizer and Mid Rise Quantizer. Adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) is a method used to convert analog signals to binary signals. Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) ADPCM is achieved by adapting the quantizing levels to analog signal characteristics. /Filter /DCTDecode A studio-quality video tape recorder is used. /Name /im1 A signal is pulse code modulated to convert its analog information into a binary sequence, i.e., 1s and 0s. endobj block diagram The operation of a delta modulator is to periodically sample the input message, to make a comparison of the current sample with that preceding it, and to output a single bit which indicates the sign of the difference between the two samples. A practical image coder was introduced in AN Kim et al,(2004) using modified differential pulse coded modulation (DPCM) codec with multi-rate processing and adaptive entropy coding. endobj You can download the paper by clicking the button above. For sample usage, run dpcm_demo file at the MATLAB prompt Click here to down load the DPCM files (dpcm.tar). Sorry, preview is currently unavailable. ADPCM method difference between the predicted value and sample, the value is coded wit we'll get 15 quantum levels. SHORT QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS Q.1. This means a reduction in the number of bits used per sample over that used for PCM. A relatively simple solution is to encode the differences between successive samples rather than the samples themselves. PCM has good or sensible signal to noise ration. Since differences between samples are expected to be smaller, A natural refinement of this general approach, the previous M samples utilizing linear prediction (LP), where LP parameters are, dynamically estimated. In a PCM stream, the amplitude of the analog signal is sampled regularly at uniform intervals, and each sample is quantized to the nearest value within a range of digital steps. Differential Pulse Code Modulation 2. The system . Bei DPCM werden Differenzwerte aufeinanderfolgender Abtastwerte gebildet, was bei Signalfolgen mit hoher . 7`en:ItXdni+=mlomU5.a!5%5k%` "?T1a0 9b :h-HO*44k]zqsFMeAh'N4\]Q 8m: &;wWSCZ\_ c.aTiF42$jJf+jlf5"Vk` A (7g?w;t/P wNc{sK C3YKn^l5e dmmHi:4i.>M The IEEE Region 8 EUROCON 2003. stream % In this paper, a DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) system with forward adaptive Lloyd-Max's quantizer is presented and it is shown how SQNR and Gp depend on the correlation coefficients of the predictor of the first and the second order. For transmission, Pulse Code Modulation wants high transmitter bandwidth. Calculation of DPCM parameters 4. The power delivered is proportional to duty cycle. Die Differential Pulse Code Modulation ist ein Pulsmodulationverfahren, das ein zeitdiskretes Signal in ein zeit- und wertdiskretes digitales Signal umsetzt. first step in the analog to digital conversion (a/d) pre-cursor to pulse code modulation (pcm) sometimes, pam signals are used directly for transmission without making it into pcm two types of pam gating sample and hold analog source over digital communication transmitter chapter 3 baseband pulse and digital signaling The quantization in the section Quantizing a Signal requires no a priori knowledge about the transmitted signal. /Length 19 0 R Matlab code to analyze the effect of step-size and. The value of the present sample is predicted from the previous samples. Fundamentals and Applications.pdf, E080790CA0F545E5A20949E47E9D439 The Art of Digital Video. Differential Pulse Code Modulation DPCM Explained using MATLAB | ADC 4.13 - YouTube Differential Pulse Code Modulation DPCM explained and a how to do dpcm using MATLAB (code in. Extract the files (Example: tar xvf dpcm.tar or unzip dpcm.zip) 3. Pulse Width Modulation Sensors. >> This type of digital pulse modulation scheme is known as Differential Pulse Code Modulation. Figure 2: Pulse Code Modulation - Nyquist Theorem . It is the modulation in which the message and also the carrier are in discrete form. 08-DPCM.PDF Author: Girod Subject: EE368B Created Date: ;z Y,a*io.Iz\l("IhJ^'`a=0 q;O=O/kqk]Dk$U>?o$D0:enN kU0 w*Zs\h$~{=~ Kk\r*n>~=m[n>Lp]gGFO5sm:6 !2 32sv&{B F7-uv O+w[eW+1 The bits are represented by two voltage levels. *:JZjz ? Fig.2 shows the transmitter of DPCM system. Pulse Code Modulation (PCM) was pioneered by the British engineer Alec Reeves in 1937. Abstract We address the fundamental problem of optimally splitting a video sequence into two sources of information, the displaced frame difference (DFD) and the displacement vector field (DVF). Generally, L is a power of two, such that L = 2n, where n is the number of bits necessary to pulse-code the signal. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) schemes quantise the difference between the original and the predicted signals, i.e. International Journal of Image, Graphics and Signal Processing, EURASIP Journal on Image and Video Processing. 100% found this document useful, Mark this document as useful, 0% found this document not useful, Mark this document as not useful, Save Differential Pulse Code Modulation For Later. /Length 11 0 R Pulse-code modulation (PCM) is a method used to digitally represent sampled analog signals.It is the standard form of digital audio in computers, compact discs, digital telephony and other digital audio applications. /Length 13 0 R In pulse modulation, continuous signals are sampled at regular intervals. How to use Differential Pulse Code Modulation files? Academia.edu uses cookies to personalize content, tailor ads and improve the user experience. DPCM For free materials of different engineering subjects use my android application named. 92#l'0@7Kri NF. SAPQ is based on a concept of adaptive quantization to the varying samples of the source and is very different, from traditional adaptation techniques for non-stationary sources. 242 Academia.edu no longer supports Internet Explorer. /Subtype /Image 3) The number of quantized levels is increased in DPCM 4) In DPCM the difference between successive samples is quantized Which of the above statements are true regarding DPCM: (4) and (3) only (4) and (2) only (4) and (1) only 1949 Progressive image transmission provides such facilities, where transmission is done in steps and the transmission of undesired image can be stopped at an early stage. The most common predictive quantization method is differential pulse code modulation (DPCM). The prediction may not be exact, but it is very close to the actual sample value. So, fewer bits are required per code due to fewer quantization levels in DPCM because the difference between two successive . For example, if a signal is set to 50% duty cycle then the power delivered will also be 50% of maximum power. What is a pulse digital modulation scheme? >> Differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) is a signal encoder that uses the baseline of pulse-code modulation (PCM) but adds some functionalities based on the prediction of the samples of the signal. Instead of a pulse train, PCM produces a series of numbers or digits, and . Pulse Code Modulation (PCM): It is that the technique used for reworking analog signal into digital signal. The first transmission of a message using PCM was in 1943 during the World War II. Computer as a Tool. This quantizer is designed for low bit rate, where the first and the . The differential signal is fed back to an all digital loop to provide an estimated sample without undue delay. /Filter /LZWDecode a speech signal that were sampled at 2 KHz and 44 KHz, respectively. /Width 36 T 34`DCx6 First of all low pass filteris the, which is used to remove the noise in the audio signal. endobj If the input is a continuous-time analog signal, it needs to be sampled first so that a . aPqL$8R$h |4:lA%q_5 #RA620buv8ew:;vD q}lYoU00S>f[q&t 8HDb5mM%dR|ytt5#nMsT^7aun}67[Gr)""1@0]n3x,paz?Pn(7eYjj|l>G#:Yktmd sm'( . Differential Pulse Code Modulation Section Overview. or Click here to down load the DPCM files (dpcm.zip). stream In practice, you can often make educated guesses about the present signal based on past signal transmissions. PDF. In practice, you can often make educated guesses about the present signal based on past signal transmissions. The input can be an analog signal or a digital signal.. In place of the standard filter, we choose the synthesis filter coefficients to give a least-squares (LS) estimate of the original source, based on given training data. Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) In PCM, each sample of the waveform is encoded independently of all the other samples. Matlab code for BASK (OOK) Modulation and Demodula. The sampling rate for each channel is 47.25 kHz, and the channel samples are interleaved in 13-bit code plus parity and phase check bits for each, with three eight-channel blocks in a television-signal horizontal-scanning-line format. An adaptive differential pulse - code modulation (ADPCM) system consists of an encoder and a decoder separated by a communication channel. /Filter /LZWDecode Differential Pulse Code Modulation (DPCM) According to the Nyquist sampling criterion, a signal must be sampled at a sampling rate that is at least twice the highest frequency in the signal to be able to reconstruct it without aliasing. In this paper the residual redundancy of the prediction error image is exploited by using turbo codes for both data compression and error protection. This type of digital pulse modulation technique is called differential pulse code modulation. Differential pulse codemodulation (DPCM) is a procedure of converting an analog into a digital signal in which an analog signal is sampled and then the difference between the actual sample value and its predicted value (predicted value is based on previous sample or samples) is quantized and then encoded forming a digital value. Matlab code for Differential Pulse Code Modulation. The encoder, located in the transmitter, uses a feedback scheme that includes an adaptive quantizer at the forward path and an adaptive predictor in the feedback path, as depicted in Fig. One general technique known as pulse code modulation (PCM) typically involves quantization of each signal sample, where each quantized sample is represented by a fixed number of binary code. Figure 1.1is the block diagram of PCM modulation. 2.To write and simulate a MATLAB program of Differential Pulse Code Modulation(DPCM) for a discrete sequence input by using Mid Tread Quantizer 2.3 To write and . It's a process in which analog signals are converted to digital form. << The resulting technique is called differential pulse, code modulation (DPCM). Abstract A common joint source-channel (JSC) decoder structure for predictively encoded sources involves first forming a JSC decoding estimate of the prediction residual and then feeding this estimate to a standard predictive decoding (synthesis) filter. View PDF 4T65Es and the . i0cIoXs4. 8+. Citations (0) References (0) . PDF (64.2 KB) View with Adobe Reader on a variety of devices. The technique converts the analog signals by taking frequent samples of the sound and representing the value of the sampled modulation in binary form. 3.15 Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation Digital Communication Systems 2012 R.Sokullu Chapter 3: Delta Modulation */45 3.14 Differential PCM Sampling at higher then Nyquist rate creates correlation between samples (good and bad) Difference between samples has small variance - smaller than the variance of the signal itself Differential Pulse Code Modulation. Example Based on DPCM 3. Differential pulse-code modulation (DPCM) is a signal encoder that uses the baseline of pulse-code modulation (PCM) but adds some functionalities based on the prediction of the samples of the signal. A speech recorder and synthesizer based on adaptive differential pulse code modulation (ADPCM) is presented. simplied Adaptive Differential Pulse Code Modulation (ADPCM) algorithm, these audio capabilities can be added to any PICmicro device. Differential Pulse Code Modulation - Free download as Powerpoint Presentation (.ppt / .pptx), PDF File (.pdf), Text File (.txt) or view presentation slides online. Abstract In the present era of multimedia, the requirement of image/video storage and transmission for video conferencing, image and video retrieval, video playback, etc. If the input is a continuous-time analog signal, it needs to be sampled first so that a discrete-time signal is the input to the DPCM encoder. In PCM, each sample of the waveform is . endobj Differential PCM (DPCM) is designed to calculate this difference and then . /BitsPerComponent 8 Generating PWM using TIMER0 Pulse Width Modulation (PWM) is used to control power delivered to devices such as lighting systems, motors, etc. /Type /XObject 3IAL PULSE CODE MODULATION (ADPCM) Recommendation G.726 Geneva, 1990 CCITT RECMN*Ge72b 90 E 48b259L 05bL828 L E FOREWORD The CCITT (the International Telegraph and Telephone Consultative Committee) is a permanent organ of the International Telecommunication Union (ITU). Therefore, the overall encoding performance can be controlled by various factors. The following figure shows an example of PCM output with respect to instantaneous values of a given sine wave. differential pulse code modulation differential pulse code modulation introduction nyquist sampling criterion analysis of dpcm problems associated with dpcm advantages introduction Enter the email address you signed up with and we'll email you a reset link. In this paper, a DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) system with forward adaptive Lloyd-Max's quantizer is presented. the difference between successive values. R!xLI4D(s"`aA^r"\`ox]kg$8|(51]i& Differential Pulse Code Modulation DPCM z Introduction z General block diagram z Bi-dimensional prediction Thanks for material provided z DPCM distortions Inald Lagendijk, Delft University of Technology z Examples Thomas Wiegand, Heinrich-Hertz-Institut z Lossless coding scheme z Application to motion estimation (introduction) Introduction DPCM . In this paper, a DPCM (Differential Pulse Code Modulation) system with forward adaptive Lloyd-Max's quantizer is presented. B Code.pdf. This technique samples the analog signal and then quantizes the difference between the sampled value and its predicted value, then encodes the signal to form a digital value. Ans. European Transactions on Telecommunications, 2010 3rd International Symposium on Applied Sciences in Biomedical and Communication Technologies (ISABEL 2010), Dr. Ashraf Aboshosha, Habibollah Haron, A. El-harby, International Journal of Business Information Systems Strategies (IJBISS), An image multiresolution representation for lossless and lossy compression, Joint source-channel decoding of predictively and nonpredictively encoded sources: A two-stage estimation approach, A video compression scheme with optimal bit allocation between displacement vector field and displaced frame difference, Optimal decomposition for quad-trees with leaf dependencies, Rate-distortion based dependent coding for stereo images and video: Disparity estimation and dependent bit allocation, Combined error protection and compression using turbo codes for error resilient image transmission, Novel Quantization Schemes for Very Low Bit Rate Video Coding Based on Sample Adaptation, Image and video comperssion using block truncation coding and pattern fitting for fast decoding, Digital Image Compression Comparisons using DPCM and DPCM with LMS Algorithm, Compression of Integral Three-Dimensional Television Pictures, A Wavelet-Based Two-Stage Near-Lossless Coder, Medical Image Compression Using Wavelets And Vector Quantization For Telemedicine Application, H.264 and MPEG-4 Video Compression: Video Coding for Next-generation Multimedia, Multiple description coding: compression meets the network, Digital Signal Processing Lent 2009 Part II, Low Line Memory Visually Lossless Compression for Color Images using Non-uniform Quantizers, IMPLEMENTATION OF WAVELET TRANSFORM, DPCM AND NEURAL NETWORK FOR IMAGE COMPRESSION, Lossless Image Compression Using A Simplified MED Algorithm with Integer Wavelet Transform, Distributed Monoview and Multiview Video Coding, Wavelets in source coding, communications, and networks: An overview, An Overview on Wavelets in Source Coding, Communications, and Networks, Distributed Video Coding: Trends and Perspectives, A new fuzzy gradient-adaptive lossy predictive coding system for still image compression, Image compression systems on board satellites, Performance analysis of reversible image compression techniques for high-resolution digital teleradiology, Content-driven pyramid compression of medical images for error-free archival and progressive transmission, Information-theoretic assessment of multi-dimensional signals, Improving the Rate-Distortion Performance of DPCM Using Multirate Processing With Application in Low-Rate Image Coding, Compression schemes for in-body and on-body UWB sensor networks, Graphics, Vision and Image Processing Journal, Volume (8), Issue (III), ICGST, Delaware, USA, October 2008, Analysis of Image Compression Methods Based On Transform and Fractal Coding, EC2029 DIGITAL IMAGE PROCESSING IV ECE UNIT 1 DIGITAL IMAGE FUNDAMENTALS, Tree encoding of images in the presence of channel errors, Fundamentals, Algorithms, and Standards IMAGE and VIDEO COMPRESSION for MULTIMEDIA ENGINEERING, An Adaptive Near Information Preserving Image Encoder, Video-Compression-Video-Coding-for-Next-generation-Multimedia.pdf, Fundamentals of Multimedia ISBN: 0130618721, Three-Level Delta Modulation for Laplacian Source Coding, Digital Signal Processing, 2nd Ed. 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