Three generations later, King Wu of the Zhou dynasty defeated King Zhou (the last Shang king), and enfeoffed the descendants of Taibo in Wu[99] mirroring the later history of Nanyue, where a Chinese king and his soldiers ruled a non-Han population and mixed with locals, who were sinicized over time. Must respect neighbors private property when viewing. It continued many of the institutions created by the Qin dynasty, but adopted a more moderate rule. Specifically for the Miskito people, the activism in response to indigenismo policies encompassed a movement promoting integration and civil rights. Churches in the area hold sanctity when occupied by the community, and are not revered as buildings in and of themselves. By 1894, the Moravian Church had become a major interest group in the Atlantic coast area during the Nicaraguan reincorporation of the area through the establishment of missions. [106], Han Chinese clothing has been shaped through its dynastic traditions as well as foreign influences. The film features interviews with Miskito Indian people and some non-Miskito clergy who lived among them; they recounted actions of the government against them, including bombing of villages, shootings, and forced removal of people from their homes. The colony of Providence Island was established off the coast on present day Nicaragua by the English Providence Island Company in 1630, which precipitated the formation of settlements around 1633 on the Miskito Coast at Cabo Gracias a Dios, and further south at present day Bluefields, Nicaragua. In the early days of the boom, lobster tails of 1-2 pound were common whereas by the early 1990s a diver needed 2-3 lobsters to make the same weight. Down Payment: $11,800.00 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9:00 PM 11:00 AM - 9. [58] Archaeological sites inland show more signs of permanent settlement including house sites, animal/fish bones, hearths, and agricultural plots. [40] Some stories include myths of Duhindu, creatures similar to gnomes that sometimes kidnap children. The fall of the Han dynasty was followed by an age of fragmentation and several centuries of disunity amid warfare among rival kingdoms. 61 reviews. [1] A 1987 peace agreement afforded them land rights over traditional lands. As time passed, the proto-Miskito, in contrast to the inland peoples, mixed openly with the English and adopted some of their cultural traits, incorporating English words into their vocabulary and adopting European tools, food, clothing, and firearms becoming the contact culture known today as the Miskito. [56] In the 17th century, the buccaneer William Dampier wrote that the Moskito Indians were "esteemed and coveted by all privateers" because of their skill at hunting turtle and manatee, "for one or two of them [the animals] in a ship will maintain 100 men". Aside from these large migratory waves, other smaller southward migrations occurred during almost all periods in the past two millennia. However, through centuries of mutual tolerance, assimilation, adaptation and syncretism, Chinese Buddhism gained an respectable place in the culture. This is one of the finest properties in all of Ferry County. Ranier. It is extremely difficult for women to find jobs, and most rely on men and their incomes to support their children. Making it ideal to bring your family and permanently live here! They were led by a warrior chief named Miskut, and called themselves the Miskut uplika nani (people of Miskut). Of note, the Xianbei rulers of Northern Wei ordered a policy of systematic sinicization, adopting Han surnames, institutions and culture. [133][134] The bio-engineer Yuan-Cheng Fung, was regarded as the "Father of modern biomechanics" for pioneering the application of quantitative and analytical engineering principles to the study of the human body and disease. Yu's son, Qi, managed to not only install himself as the next ruler, but also dictated his sons as heirs by default, making the Xia dynasty the first in recorded history where genealogical succession was the norm. Land 4704 Sharpe Rd. This lot is in the middle of all kinds of activities and attractions. [61] As such, there has always been a commercial component to the economy, however, due to the inevitability of economic busts and their isolation from national powers, the Miskito have maintained their subsistence culture without being absorbed into the full-time market economy what anthropologist Mary Helms refers to as a purchase society. Dr. Ho was named Time magazine Person of the Year in 1996. [citation needed], The United Kingdom took an interest in the affairs on the Mosquito Coast, as it had trade positions in Belize/British Honduras and Jamaica. [62] Traditionally, there was a balance between subsistence and commercial activities. Importantly, the Nicaraguan government recognized this leader as Hereditary Chief but granted him authority over land separate from Miskito-inhabited land. WebBack About Westport's Fresh Catch Albacore Tuna Dungeness Crab Salmon Seafood Markets Oysters Back Stories From Westport Hooked on Razor Clamming Westport, WA. These raids continued for many years after animosity between Britain and Spain ended at the international level. Interest is 8% APR (Simple Interest) By 1914, Westport was a busy, though small center for fishing, shell fish harvesting, seafood processing and tourism. Access, 5.01 Mountaintop acres in Orondo, Washington Emigration, seen as disloyal to ancestors and ancestral land, was banned by the Song and Yuan dynasties.[102]. ContactEventsPublications Staff Portal. [155] During the 700s (Tang dynasty), Han migrants from northern China flooded into the south. However, other research has also shown that the paternal lineages Y-DNA O-M119,[190] O-P201,[191] O-P203[191] and O-M95[192] are found in both southern Han Chinese and South Chinese minorities, but more commonly in the latter. These people became known as the beach people. Portions of the ranch are contiguous to thousands of acres of Public lands. Observations finales du Comit pour l'limination de la discrimination raciale: Nicaragua. However, the power of the Zhou kings fragmented not long afterwards, and many autonomous vassal states emerged. Visit Website. During the Shang dynasty, people of the Wu area in the Yangtze River Delta were considered a different tribe, and described as being scantily dressed, tattooed and speaking a distinct language. Lobster production peaked, however, around 1985, and these resources, were quickly depleted. When commercial goods were in demand Miskito labor shifted towards commercial activities and subsistence activities were neglected. 3rd ed., 1995. 390 Court Street |. By the end of WWII exports at Bilwi were down to 99,685 racimos and by 1960 the number was down to 9,753. [104] However, there was a larger variety of languages in certain areas of Southeast China, like Shanghai, Guangzhou and Guangxi. Chinese folk religion is a set of worship traditions of the ethnic deities of the Han people. A 1699 written account of the kingdom described it as spread out in various communities along the coast but not including all the territory. This ranch fed a family of five for over 70 years. Enjoy all four seasons act, Horseshoe lake River Ranch. [68], The other major boom market for this period was in bananas. Plymouth, MA (508) 747-4343. to the west is a 3 bed 1.75 bath home on 2 stories w/main level living. By the end of the 1800s, lumber and rubber were major employers of male Miskito labor and foreign investment was high. Were excited to ring in 2023 with new animals, music and dancesbut the same all-ages, family fun. Between them are mid-1800s whaling villages and mid-1900s logging towns to explore. To consolidate administrative control over the newly conquered parts of the country, the First Emperor decreed a nationwide standardization of currency, writing scripts and measurement units, to unify the country economically and culturally. With paved road access you are not too far from nearby cities, 22 miles from Hoquiam and 26 miles from Aberdeen. [181], Comparisons between the Y chromosome SNP and MtDNA of modern Northern Han Chinese and 3,000 year old Hengbei ancient samples from China's Central Plains show they are extremely similar to each other and show continuity between ancient Chinese of Hengbei and current Northern Han Chinese. 1982. This asset is approximately eight miles south of Yakima, WA, in Yakima County. There are 220.40 +/- tillable acres per the Garfield County Farm Service Agency. In terms of lumber, companies hired Miskito men to find, cut, and deliver desirable trees or tree products to the coast where they were then exported to Europe or the United States. [145] The ancestors of the Cantonese are said to be Northern Chinese who moved to Guangdong, while the Yue (Baiyue) descendants were indigenous minorities who practised tattooing, as described in "The Real Yue People" (; zhn yurn) essay by Qu Dajun[zh], a Cantonese scholar who extolled his people's Chineseness. The film includes footage from aboard a commercial lobster diving vessel and from the remote Miskito Keys (or Miskito Cays), the noted turtle-hunting grounds of the Miskito. Their gods were Lapta (god of the sun), Kati (god of the moon), Slilma (god of the stars), Alwani (god of thunder), Imyula (god of lightning), Dusdawanka (god of trees and plants), Lidawanka (god of ocean, lakes and rivers), Rayakadawanka (god of living creatures), Sinslakadawanka (god of wisdom), Disangdawanka (god of fertility) Rakidawan (god of healing), Lasadawanka (god of dead souls) and Pruradawanka (god of death). [26] President Daniel Ortega has acknowledged that Miskito land claims are legitimate, and any land sales were not legal. La Herencia Cultural de la Reserva de la Bisfera del Ro Pltano: Un Area De Confluencias tnicas En La Mosquitia. Scarlet Rose Bistro is a business providing services in the field of Restaurant, . On 25 February 1982, Steadman Fagoth, one of the guerrilla leaders, took refuge in Honduras along with 3000 Miskito. Neighbor bringing power in so possibility to share in costs. [17], During the 1960s and the 1970s, Nicaragua began to expropriate native-held land for nationalization. [61], The Miskito subsistence economy was based primarily on hunting, fishing, and some limited agriculture and silviculture. They settled along the Central Plains around the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River in Northern China. The hunters intercepted the turtles in the area between their sleeping shoals and feeding banks as they surfaced for air. There are countless view sites looking out at Curlew Lake. Before the 1700s arrival of Europeans in the region, the area was divided into numerous small, egalitarian native American groups, speaking old Miskito language. The treaty provided for a Miskito Reserve, a self-governing entity that enjoyed semi-sovereign rights. Taoism, another indigenous religion, is also widely practiced in both its folk forms and as an organized religion and has influenced Chinese art, poetry, philosophy, music, medicine, astronomy, Neidan and alchemy, cuisine, Neijia and other martial arts and architecture. Electric is easy to connect as well thanks to the power being very accessible on the street nearby. The next few centuries saw successive invasions of Han and non-Han peoples from the north. The upper portion of the ranch has marketable timber and hidden valleys throughout that give way to green lush pastures and rock outcroppings. [13], In addition to the area's geographic isolation, the Miskito military capacity and British support allowed the people to retain their independence when Spain controlled the Pacific side of Central America. 116 reviews. Under the corrupt rule of his son and successor Huhai, the Qin dynasty collapsed a mere three years later. This incredible property is made up of a mix of tillable, irrigated ground, dry farmed fields, grazing and timber ground. From 1860 to 1894, the Miskito Reserve period maintained centralized rule under a pro-British Miskito chief. Group traditions included ritual dancing and drinking of a beverage known as mishla. The Miskito Coast remained independent throughout much of the period of the Federal Republic of Central America, but Nicaragua finally absorbed the territory in 1894. City sewer and water nearby. Merrill, Tim L., ed. [32], Prior to the 1859 Wyke-Cruz treaty with Britain, Miskito people inhabited the Cape of Gracias a Dios on the Caribbean coast and Honduran side of the Nicaragua-Honduras border. Property is adjacent to 800 +/- acres of State and BLM property available for hunting and recreation. Land In its original form, certain ideas in Buddhism was not quite compatible with the Chinese cultural values, especially with the Confucian elite, as certain Buddhist values conflicted with Chinese sensibilities. The name "Hanzhong", in turn, was derived from the Han River,[67] which flows through the region's plains. Several state parks and Coastal Access points get you to the water and along the headland between Albion Cove and Westport Union State Beach. By 2011 the estimated average was down to 74 pounds/trip. During the Han Dynasty, Confucian ideals were the dominant ideology. [111][112] During the Republic of China period, fashion styles and forms of traditional Qing costumes gradually changed, influenced by fashion sensibilities from the Western World resulting modern Han Chinese wearing Western style clothing as a part of everyday dress. Among the earliest structures built at Westport, the Westport Lighthouse, dedicated on April 14, 1898, still stands as a majestic beacon for weary mariners anxious to return home from the sea. Amazing neighborhood in one of the most beautiful parts of Washington! The Miskito population boomed as the men had more children with their slave women. Arribas Mexican Restaurant. Other large cities include Spokane, Tacoma, and Vancouver. Orting 4. It encompasses 318 square miles (820 km2) in parts of Jackson, Clay, Cass, and Platte counties. Developers or maybe a land baron here is 59.28 acres, in an area considered prime for growth, located midway between Seattle and Portland, just minutes from I-5 and within the city limits of Napavine . [43], Despite the presence of the British political ideology of centralized power, the political structure in the Miskito kingdom proved more tribal in nature. However, the rise of the company economy precipitated a fundamental shift in the Miskito economy away from these short term/seasonal economic relationships to more regular long-term employment of contract wage labor and exploitation of communal resources for commercial gain. [43], According to Meringer, Miskito people enjoyed peak levels of autonomy in the nineteenth century after British colonists were forced out of the Mosquito Coast. [67] During this time, lumbering of mahogany and other valuable trees, cash cropping of sugar and other products, which had existed in reduced form since the 17th century, expanded into large commercial enterprises. Shipwrecked Identities: Navigating race on Nicaragua's Mosquito Coast. Mule deer, Whitetail deer, Black, Moose Topography is flat with grassy meadows to rolling sage & timber ground with many level benches, Contact with the English has created the position of a king who is seen as the figurehead of the tribes; however, the modern king has little power and generally does not affect the different tribes. Herlihy, L.H. The Tawira Miskito, in contrast, have greater native ethnic representation and speak the Kabo Bila dialect of Miskito. [56][70] This employment dynamic led to the large-scale introduction of the money-based economy, and the replacement of subsistence goods with relatively inexpensive commissary goods. The tradition states that neighboring tribes found it difficult to pronounce this name, and so shortened it to Miskito. Hoklo clans living in southeastern coastal China, such as in Chaozhou and QuanzhouZhangzhou, originated from northern China's Henan province during the Tang dynasty. Menu for 110 Grill in Plymouth, MA. [61][62][64] As Geographer Bernard Nietschmann highlights, there was a complex system of meat reciprocity which served as a sort of social security system for the society. The most important novels in Chinese literature, otherwise known as the Four Great Classical Novels, are: Dream of the Red Chamber, Water Margin, Romance of the Three Kingdoms and Journey to the West. Saturday. On Oxford Dictionaries, the Han are defined as "The dominant ethnic group in China". [67] Zhonghua refers more to the culture of Chinese people, although it may also be seen as equivalent to Zhonghua minzu. [107] Han Chinese clothing showcases the traditional fashion sensibilities of Chinese clothing traditions and forms one of the major cultural facets of Chinese civilization. "Subsistence and Market: When the Turtle Collapses", in James Spradley and David McCurdy (eds). [183], Y-chromosome haplogroup O2-M122 is a common DNA marker in Han Chinese, as it appeared in China in prehistoric times. WebThe National Commission for Culture and the Arts, the official cultural agency of the government of the Philippines, has categorized Filipino arts into traditional and non-traditional.Each category is split into various arts, which in turn have sub-categories of their own. There are no structures on site, but power does run along the road frontage so the whole package is ready for your development. Ms Magoo Sportfishing. This larger political participation fed into the Miskito locales, affording local representatives more power regarding territorial disputes in general, allowing for increased political involvement from Miskitos not directly tied to political processes. The business is located in 196 Main St, Wareham, (508) 747-6637 View all 2 Locations 110 Colony Place Rd. Razor Clamming 2. Incredible nature settings with many wonderful pools and parks around. At the port of Bilwi, Standard Fruit recorded it all-time high production of 6.1 million racimos (clusters) in 1931. This Waterfront 0.28 acres of land is minutes away from the ocean. A hunting party consisted of two men: a "strikerman" in the bow, and the "captain" in the stern. Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian recorded a period following the Battle of Zhuolu, during the reign of successive generations of confederate overlords (Chinese: ) known as the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors (c. 28522070 BCE), who, allegedly, were elected to power among the tribes. Funeral traditions included a commemorative ceremony one year after death called Sikro. WebThe Miskitos are a native people in Central America.Their territory extends from Cape Camarn, Honduras, to Ro Grande de Matagalpa, Nicaragua, along the Mosquito Coast, in the Western Caribbean Zone.Their population is estimated at 700,000 people as of 2021 according to the official Miskito Database. The monthly water access bill is $26/Month. WebCormorants, gulls, vultures and geese circle the coast, each looking for a different dinner. Monarchic: The era of Miskito kings and Germanic influence (16th, 17th, 18th, 19th century). [126] The biochemist Chi-Huey Wong is well known for his pioneering research in glycoscience research and developing the first enzymatic method for the large-scale synthesis of oligosaccharides and the first programmable automated synthesis of oligosaccharides. [77] The result has been an increase in the number of cases of decompression sickness and decompression related deaths. University of Florida Press: Gainesville, FL. It was a greenhouse farm on 16+ Acres, once filled with world-renowned orchids it is now transformed into a new artists haven of sorts. Conclusive archaeological evidence predating the 16th century BCE is, however, rarely available. YES About a dozen artists now hang their shingles at the Beall Greenhouses, including tile artist Nadine Edelstein, puppet-maker Bill Jarcho and members of Quartermaster Press, a co-op printmaking studio that leases space here. 2003. The banana boom, with its plantation employment, lasted from the 1890s -1930s - peaking in the 1931. The Han dynasty's founding emperor, Liu Bang, was made king of the Hanzhong region after the fall of the Qin dynasty, a title that was later shortened to "the King of Han" (; ) during the ChuHan Contention. This beautiful land wont last long! Westport Viewing Tower. 4+ acres across the road from Loon Lake - a 2 story building can have lake views (see the photos)! Mexican Restaurants Restaurants (774) 404-7823 15 Sandwich St Plymouth, MA 02360 5. [172][173], The Han Chinese show a close genetic relationship with other modern East Asians such as the Koreans and Yamato. "Sinc 2009. [108] Hanfu () or traditional Han clothing comprises all traditional clothing classifications of the Han Chinese with a recorded history of more than three millennia until the end of the Ming Dynasty. [182] The reference population for the Chinese used in Geno 2.0 Next Generation is 81% Eastern Asia, 2% Finland and Northern Siberia, 8% Central Asia, and 7% Southeast Asia & Oceania. Westport is one of the largest commercial fishing ports in the United States, and our boats catch a large variety of seafood. Message Us For Drone Photos of The Property WA Street 702 Chelsamish Dr, Sequim, WA 98382 Parcel number 330332190500000 Size 2.76 acres Legal description LOWPER/PARLOW WebAn evacuation route in Westport gets a tsunami eye view based on UW modeling. They cited as reasons for their renewed desire for independence the serious economic problems damaging their traditional fishing industry and the recent election of Daniel Ortega as president of Nicaragua. 3 acre lot on spectacle lake, Power lines, location, and terrain make this 33 acres in Okanogan County a prime spot for those looking to build, homestead, or investment. These early accounts claim that Miskito tribes ranged along the Caribbean coast from the Wawa River, south of present-day Bilwi, Nicaragua, to Cabo Camarn, Honduras. Historically, Buddhism alternated between periods of state tolerance (and even patronage) and persecution. Fenced pastures for horse & livestock use. It probably did not include the settlements of English traders. Restaurants. [104] Mastery of Confucian texts provided the primary criterion for entry into the imperial bureaucracy, but even those degree-holders who did not enter the bureaucracy or who left it held increased social influence in their home areas, contributing to the homogenizing of Han Chinese culture. With its complex terrain, the Yakima Valley is the most diverse fruit growing region of Washington State and produces one-third of all apples and one-fourth of all pears in the state. In 1983, the government proclaimed a state of emergency in the Ro Coco zone, which was maintained until 1988. By the 1960s, the Moravian Church seemed to play a central role in Miskito communities for anthropologists studying the area. Over 200 acres was tilled over the years for alfalfa and other different types of feed for livesto, Pristine 1 Acre Lot For Sale in Cinebar, Washington 1978. [53][54][55][56] The Han dynasty's prestige and prominence influenced many of the ancient Huaxia to begin identifying themselves as "The People of Han". As a result of the dynasty's prominence in inter-ethnic and pre-modern international Confucianism, although sometimes described as a religion, is a governing philosophy and moral code with some religious elements like ancestor worship. The British withdrawal was completed at the end of June 1787. [72] Many of these people work as divers, using scuba equipment to dive and catch lobster. Recent efforts of the XiaShangZhou Chronology Project drew the connection between the Erlitou culture and the Xia dynasty, but scholars could not reach a consensus regarding the reliability of such history. seagrant@uw.edu, 2020 Washington Sea Grant, University of Washington, Washington Applied Sustainability Internship. Chinese Buddhism was also influenced by Confucianism and Taoism and exerted influence in turn such as in the form of Neo-Confucianism and Buddhist influences in Chinese folk religion, such as the cult of Guanyin, who is treated as a Bodhisattva, immortal, goddess or exemplar of Confucian virtue, depending on the tradition. [144], There were several periods of mass migration of Han people to Southeastern and Southern China throughout history. The Sunrise Ranch presents a once in a lifetime opportunity to own a 2,684.75+- acre legacy ranch with 1.3+- miles of Grande Ronde River frontage. [56] The nature of the economy was one of subsistence and reciprocity. Modern scholars have classified them as Tawira Miskito. Because farmland was commonly bought, sold or mortgaged, families were run like enterprises, with set rules for the allocation (, fnji) of pooled earnings and assets. No HOA or CC&Rs to limit your possibilities. Marshfield, MA 02050. In: Nietschmann, B. It was a period of significant cultural and philosophical diversification (known as the Hundred Schools of Thought) and Confucianism, Taoism and Legalism are among the most important surviving philosophies from this era. In the late imperial period, more than two-thirds of the Han Chinese population used a variant of Mandarin Chinese as their native tongue. [187] A study by the Chinese Academy of Sciences into the gene frequency data of Han subpopulations and ethnic minorities in China, showed that Han subpopulations in different regions are also genetically quite close to the local ethnic minorities, meaning that in many cases, blood of ethnic minorities had mixed into Han, while at the same time, the blood of Han had also mixed into the local ethnic minorities. But, at the conclusion of the peace in 1783, Britain had to cede control over the coast to Spain. To the North, you can find a large thicket of Quaking Aspens. During these decades, the mainstream of Nicaraguan national politics recognized the Miskito only when asking them to vote for the Nicaraguan National Liberal Party. Thus, villagers lavished on funeral and wedding ceremonies that imitated the Confucian standards of the Emperors. Opening Hours Monday 11:00 - 23:00 Tuesday 11:00 - 23:00 Wednesday 11:00 - 23:00 Thursday 11:00 - 23:00 Friday 11:00 - 00:00 Saturday 11:00 - 00:00 Sunday 11:00 - 22:30 Click & Collect Delivery 11 Bretonside, Welcome to Jefes | a betta Bar & Grille located in Plymouth, MA. [54], Miskito oral tradition states that many centuries ago a tribe emigrated from northern South America and settled on the coast at a site called Sitawala - possibly near present-day Cabo Gracias a Dios. [121], Han Chinese have influenced and contributed to the development of human progress throughout history in many fields and domains including culture, business, science and technology and politics both historically and in the modern era. University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, OK. Nietschmann, B. 20 affordable acres on the beautiful and game-filled Colville Confederated Tribes Reservation. Many Chinese scholars such as Ho Ping-ti believe that the concept (ethnogenesis) of Han ethnicity, though an ancient one, was formally entrenched in the Han dynasty. As Britain gradually became less interested in its commissioning of Miskito nobility, the Miskito effectively began to operate as an independent state. Join The Seattle Aquarium for our third annual Noon Years Eve celebration! The town of Awastara is a major population centre and historical site for the Miskito people. 922 acres located at the North end of Curlew Lake. They intermarried with the indigenous people. Due to the First Emperor's autocratic rule and his massive labor projects, which fomented rebellion among the populace, the Qin dynasty fell into chaos soon after his death. Further, Miskito experience divinity through dreams and discussions of good, bad, and human spirits. The Miskito Wangki constitute a large ethnic representation in the nation in the Cabo Gracias a Dios area. The movements of the 1960s and 1970s proved largely integrationist and was led by completely separate leaders than those after the Sandinista Revolution. our cozy little beach town on the Washington Coast. 2010 Chinese Spiritual Life Survey conducted by Dr. Yang Fenggang, Purdue University's Center on Religion and Chinese Society. [76] According to a population genetic study, Singapore is "the country with the biggest proportion of Hans" in Southeast Asia. Indigenous Confucianism and Taoism share aspects of being a philosophy or a religion and neither demand exclusive adherence, resulting in a culture of tolerance and syncretism, where multiple religions or belief systems are often practiced in concert with local customs and traditions. View [72][79], Miskito people changing a bus tire between, Applicability of the term "ethnic group" to Miskito people, 18th century self-rule in the Miskito kingdom, Re-incorporation in the nineteenth century, Balancing commercial and subsistence activities, Karl Offen, "The Sambu and Tawira Miskitu: The Colonial Origins of Intra-Miskitu Differentiation in Eastern Nicaragua and Honduras,", M. W. "The Mosqueto Indian and His Golden River," in, Michael Olien, "General, Governor and Admiral: Three Miskito Lines of Succession,", Mary Helms, "Miskito Slaving and Culture Contact: Ethnicity and Opportunity in an Expanding Population,", Wolfgang Gabbert, "In the Shadow of Empire The Emergence of Afro-Creole Societies in Belize and Nicaragua,". [6] The king did not have total power. Fast booking & free cancellations. One group ascended the Ro Coco and became known as the river people. We will update you on new newsroom updates. The other two groups moved north and south into present day Honduras and around present day Sandy Bay, Nicaragua. There is evidence that the society followed a patriarchal setup during these "bust" times; however, when the economy is "booming", men generally get jobs that force them to travel. [70][74], Nearly 30 to 40 million people of Han Chinese descent live in Southeast Asia. Taiwan, previously inhabited mostly by non-Han aborigines, was sinicized during this period via large-scale migration accompanied by assimilation, despite efforts by the Manchus to prevent this, as they found it difficult to maintain control over the island. The name Han was derived from the name of the eponymous dynasty, which succeeded the short-lived Qin dynasty and is historically considered to be the first golden age of China's Imperial era due to the power and influence it projected over much of East Asia. [citation needed] In 2011, the industry employed around 3500 people on 44 boats in Honduras alone. [47] Some overseas Chinese communities use Huaren or Huaqiao instead of Zhongguoren (; ), which to them, has connotations to being citizens of the People's Republic of China, due to their political views about the state.[48]. [citation needed], In the 1980s, the Sandinista government extended their influence over the region via its Comits de Defensa Sandinista. The Indigenous Aquaculture Collaborative and West Coast Aquaculture Collaborative are among the projects to receive support for another two years. The Miskito who lived in the Jinotega Department, west of the North Caribbean Coast Autonomous Region, were much different from the Miskito who lived along the Caribbean coast. The Yellow Emperor is traditionally credited to have united with the neighbouring Shennong tribes after defeating their leader, the Yan Emperor, at the Battle of Banquan. The United States involvement in war with Mexico prevented it from enforcing the doctrine. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. Only 40 minutes from Lake Chelan. Many are Christians. WebNames. Around 2013, Honduras had the highest number of decompression related deaths and sickness in the world. Catering & Delivery available near you. In modern times, Han Chinese continue to contribute to the progress of science and technology. [43], In response to the indigenismo policies adopted throughout Latin America in the twentieth century, the Miskito people organized through activism to advocate for policies promoting political, social, and cultural assimilation. A 2 story house here would have a great view of the Columbia River, your gateway to limitless recreation such as boating, fishing, and camping. Analyses have revealed their main staple to be rice and noodles (different kinds of wheat foods). [38], The Moravian Church attempted to proselytize the Miskito beginning in 1849, after attempting to provide a religious institution for a nearby German community which later failed. [52] This love magic can also be used to help save ones marriage. The government arrested various public notaries for the authorization of illegal land sales, and created a special commission over the issue under the prosecutor general. This wing consisted of three rooms: a central room where the four tablets heaven, earth, ancestor and teacher were worshipped and two rooms attached to the left and right, which were bedrooms for the grandparents. Miskito kings were crowned by some of the first English settlers. In: Franklin Knight and Ruth Iyob (eds. This shift created a dependency on commercial goods and cash earning employment.[56][61][70]. Malo 4. Within approximately an hour's drive of the property are the towns of Lewiston, ID and Clarkston, WA offering, The Figlensky Springs Ranch includes 570 Acres of varied terrain and timbered land with excellent hunting and majestic views near Riverside, Washington. About 15 miles further on is South Bend, where seafood can be bought right off the boats. Modern Miskito: Current Miskito Nation in the Atlantic of Honduras and Nicaragua. Subsistence activities were traditionally divided by gender. In order to counter their subjugation by the Zambo Miskito, the Tawira Miskito would seek out Spanish allies in the eighteenth century. [122] Medieval Han Chinese astronomers were also among the first peoples to record observations of a cosmic supernova in 1054 AD. Nicaraguan forces occupied the area in 1894 and took over the state. The buccaneers adopted Miskito communities as their bases and employed the Miskito in their cause. Auhyayari (port Lempira), Alamikangban, Awas, Bihmuna, Bilwi (current capital city), Bluefields (first capital city), Sandy Bay, Brus Lagun, Kip, Tasba Pauni, Waspam. [69], Overall, the company period was known for its boom and bust economies. For the Miskito in Nicaragua, indigenismo represented an opportunity to increase rapport with the government and greater access to previously inaccessible state resources rather than an affront to ethnic identity. As the Miskito population grew over time, the political structure effectively transformed into autonomous regional chiefdoms with vaguely defined social classes. [2], Both sides acknowledge that the Nicaraguan government has not worked to ameliorate this conflict. New paint inside & out.7 covered parking spaces on site. According to Meringer, historical records reference the Tawira as "pure Indians". [77], The total "overseas Chinese"[note 2] population worldwide number some 60 million people. The upper ranch is a variety of rolling hills and num, Rare opportunity to own nearly 400 acres of working forest and agriculture land on 6 parcels. .Five named lakes & two miles of river frontage on the Okanogan River . However, despite significant political struggles throughout their history, today the Miskito face human rights violations over land rights disputes, as recognized by the Inter-American Commission for Human Rights.[2]. [44][57][58][59][60] To this day, the Han Chinese have since taken their ethnic name from this dynasty and the Chinese script is referred to as "Han characters". Enjoy large living spaces & storage. or enjoy the 3 local State Parks. Come see this lovely 140 acres +/- acres with expansive views of the Columbia River Valley and more. Hansville 4. The civilizational prosperity of the Xia dynasty at this time is thought to have given rise to the name "Huaxia" (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hu Xi, "the magnificent Xia"), a term that was used ubiquitously throughout history to define the Chinese nation.[98]. Were honored to share music from the Seattle-based Indigenous band. With the support of the English and modern firearms, the Miskito expanded out of their cultural hearth near Cabo Gracias a Dios, and settled widely along the Miskito Coast. [15], Their society allowed polygamy. Christianity grew considerably following the First Opium War, after which foreign missionaries in China enjoyed the protection of the Western powers and engaged in widespread proselytising. [196] Ultimately, with the exception in some ethnolinguistic branches of the Han Chinese, such as Pinghua and Tanka people,[197] there is "coherent genetic structure" in all Han Chinese populace. [72][73][failed verification] The Han Chinese in Hong Kong and Macau have been culturally, economically and politically dominant majority vis--vis the non-Han minorities. In Beijing, the whole family traditionally lived together in a large rectangle-shaped house called a siheyuan. CLAIMED Ecelectic Menu.. Limit search to Plymouth. under King Ying Zheng. Palouse 4. Pre-Monarchic or The times of Miskito Gods: From the origin of Miskito people until the 15th century. [57] Despite a dearth of contact era reports, this theory of seasonal coastal migration is supported by the English buccaneer "M.W." WebAbout 5 miles south is a small casino at Tokeland, along with a place to buy fresh seafood. in 1732 who observed inland tribes who seasonally arrived at the coast to make salt before travelling back up river. Love magic highlights the importance of keeping a man interested within Miskito society. This versatile, modestly forested lot places you only 8 minutes down the paved highway from Birch Bay, yet still only 20 minutes from Bellingham and major shopping. Manta has 4 businesses under Mexican Restaurants in Plymouth, MA. A number of Africans reached the coast from shipwrecked slave ships, notably one in the mid-seventeenth century. Shamans known as prapit or pasa yapti are the only individuals who physically experience divinity. Near Lake Erie, Lake Campbell, & Anacortes Community Forest Lands w/vast trail network for hiking+biking. This residential lot allows you to build your own home! As a unified and cohesive empire, Han China became East Asia's geopolitical great power, projecting much of its influence on its neighbours and was comparable with the contemporary Roman Empire in population size, geographical and cultural reach. It is found in at least 36.7% to over 80% of Han Chinese males in certain regions. A good variety of mature timber, Pine, Red Fir, and Quaking Aspen groves allow for some excellent wildlife habitat. This curated lot is utility ready for your home build or recreational RV site. Ting, Chen Ning Yang, Tsung-Dao Lee, Yuan T. Lee, Daniel C. Tsui, Roger Y. Tsien and Charles K. Kao (known as the "Godfather of Broadband" and "Father of Fiber Optics");[124] Fields Medal recipients Terence Tao and Shing-Tung Yau and Turing Award recipient Andrew Yao. Only one leading shaman, known as Supreme Sukya or Okuli, could exist at a time and was revered by neighboring tribes as well. [9] In addition, from 1720 onwards, the Jamaican colonial authorities commissioned the Miskito to capture Maroons in the Blue Mountains, as they were effective trackers. When I laid eyes on this place I decided trying to sell the land was the wrong approach - this time I'm selling the view. However, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of Han Chinese increases in diversity as one looks from northern to southern China, which suggests that male migrants from northern China married with women from local peoples after arriving in modern-day Guangdong, Fujian, and other regions of southern China. Su. A transformer is in place and the water tap fee has already been paid. We serve global cuisine with a focus on Mexican inspired dishes and all of our food is made from scratch! Thus, many Miskito who supported the independence movement were those who had suffered greatly economically. [11][63] Through these experiences, the Miskito became adept raiders and raiding became a part of their local economy. Apply now. WebPassword requirements: 6 to 30 characters long; ASCII characters only (characters found on a standard US keyboard); must contain at least 4 different symbols; Loan is amortized, prepayments allowed at anytime to reduce total interest paid. 1992. [105] Although significant differences exist between the two character sets, they are largely mutually intelligible. Now D.C. has moved into cryptos territory, with regulatory crackdowns, tax proposals, and demands for compliance. Pineda, B. 22525 Highway 20,Okanogan, WA, 98840, Okanogan County, 23201 Road 12 NW,Quincy, WA, 98848, Grant County, Union Ridge Road,Torboy, WA, 99166, Ferry County, 3133 Birch Bay Lynden Rd,Custer, WA, 98240, Whatcom County, 3990 State Rd,Loon Lake, WA, 99148, Stevens County, 189 Woodard Rd,Napavine, WA, 98532, Lewis County, TBD CROMWELL RD,Republic, WA, 99166, Ferry County, 4736 Sharpe Road,Anacortes, WA, 98221, Skagit County, 41280 Sunday Bay Rd N,Davenport, WA, 99122, Lincoln County, Goldfish Gulch Road,Orondo, WA, 98802, Douglas County, Peach Rd,Waterville, WA, 98858, Douglas County, 84 Wannucut Lake Rd,Tonasket, WA, 98855, Okanogan County, Highway 20,Tonasket, WA, 98855, Okanogan County, 90 Woodward Rd.,Okanogan, WA, 98840, Okanogan County, State Route 508,Cinebar, WA, 98533, Lewis County, 738 Point Brown Ave SE,Ocean Shores, WA, 98569, Grays Harbor County, 12062 Shumaker Grade,Anatone, WA, 99401, Asotin County, 570X Tunk Creek Road,Riverside, WA, 98849, Okanogan County, 1640 Highway 7,Oroville, WA, 98844, Okanogan County, 191 Wells Rd,Pe Ell, WA, 98572, Lewis County, 18527 Beall Road Southwest,Vashon, WA, 98070, King County, 281 Lateral C Road,Wapato, WA, 98951, Yakima County, 11549 Road East Southwest,Royal City, WA, 99357, Grant County, Recent internal data lists $4 billion of Washington. However, increased demand from international markets during the 17th, 18th, and 19th centuries led to changes in hunting methods. However, their autonomy has been preserved as a result of their geographic isolation. 1971. Explore the story map, video, and more from last years celebration. Large shop for all your property & adventurous needs! The Miskito people speak a native Miskito A simplified and elaborated version of this written standard was used in business contracts, notes for Chinese opera, ritual texts for Chinese folk religion and other daily documents for educated people.[104]. [20] The film was shown on some PBS stations[21][22] and at the 1986 Sundance Film Festival. Miskito people were polytheist in the Pre-monarchic era, however there are no records of human sacrifices like the Mayan or Incas in America. Much of the Caribbean coast of Nicaragua and northeastern Honduras was outside any Spanish authority. Affiliate website. Youll be right up the road from local eateries including seafood, pizza, and coffee shops. See all nearby restaurants. Master bedroom provides private access to deck & large bathroom w/walkin closet. Per the Yakima County Assessor, this asset includes two separate tax parcels with 54.59 +/- deeded acres fully developed into apple and pear orchard. [8] Historical information on kings is often obscure as many of the kings were semi-mythical. [187][188] Despite this, tests comparing the genetic profiles of northern Han, southern Han and southern natives determined that haplogroups O1b-M110, O2a1-M88 and O3d-M7, which are prevalent in southern natives, were only observed in some southern Han (4% on average), but not in northern Han. China is one of the world's oldest and most complex civilizations, whose culture dates back thousands of years. [184][185] Other Y-DNA haplogroups that have been found with notable frequency in samples of Han Chinese include O-P203 (15/165 = 9.1%, 47/361 = 13.0%), C-M217 (10/168 = 6.0%, 27/361 = 7.5%, 187/1730 = 10.8%, 20/166 = 12.0%), N-M231 (6/166 = 3.6%, 18/361 = 5.0%, 117/1729 = 6.8%, 17/165 = 10.3%), O-M268(xM95, M176) (54/1147 = 4.7%,[186] 8/168 = 4.8%, 23/361 = 6.4%, 12/166 = 7.2%), and Q-M242 (2/168 = 1.2%, 49/1729 = 2.8%, 12/361 = 3.3%, 48/1147 = 4.2%[186]). (Buyer to verify rules and permitting) British governors in Belize began issuing commissions and appointments to Miskito kings and other officials, such as King Robert Charles Frederick, crowned in Belize in 1825. [4] The survivors of shipwrecks and escaped slaves from the Providence Island colony, settled around Cape Gracias a Dios. Downstairs has separate access w/daylight basement w/large recreation room, bathroom w/new tiled shower & storage areas. The independence movement is led by Hector Williams, who is described as the leader of the Miskito and uses the title Wihta Tara, or Great Judge. [31] Prior to European contact, Miskitos were scattered along the Atlantic Coast of Nicaragua, inhabiting interior mountainous areas with numerous rivers and forests. The Miskito-English political dynamics would change with time but the two entities would remain operating in conjunction for approximately 250 years. During China's Neolithic period, southwestern rice growers transitioned to millet from the northwest, when they could not find a suitable northwestern ecology which was typically dry and cold to sustain the generous yields of their staple as well as it did in other areas, such as along the eastern Chinese coast. By 1926 Bragmans Bluff Lumber was the largest employer in Nicaragua, with over 2000 workers. Want results you can see? Many of their captives were sold into slavery to European slave traders (even as the Zambo were originally slaves themselves), and many of them ended up working on Jamaican sugar plantations. In Taiwan, Han Chinese (including both the earlier Han Taiwanese settlers and the recent Mainland Chinese that arrived in Taiwan with Chiang Kai-shek in 1949) constitute over 95% of the population. Abandoned children are generally adopted by women within the child's matrilocal group and taken care of by an aunt or grandmother. Slow-moving Hurricane Eta landed on November 3 just south of the region's major city Bilwi, and after one day turned west-northwest towards Honduras and then north back into the Caribbean. The Manchus of the Qing dynasty then allied with former Ming general Wu Sangui and seized control of Beijing. Curlew Creek runs along the property. Sprinkler and irrigation systems throughout. To compensate their Miskito supporters, the British re-settled 537 Zambo Africans often misnamed Miskitos, together with their 1,677 Native American slaves, from Mosquitia to the Bay settlement in British Honduras, present-day Belize. [55], The earliest European accounts of the Miskito are from Puritan colonists in 1633 and English and French buccaneers during the late 1600s-early 1700s. WebBack About Westport's Fresh Catch Albacore Tuna Dungeness Crab Salmon Seafood Markets Oysters Back Stories From Westport Hooked on P.O. Rare opportunity to own 2 well maintained homestead style homes w/acreage & views of Mount Erie & surrounding territorial areas. Cwik Christian, "The Africanization of Amerindians in the Greater Caribbean: The Wayuu and Miskito, Fifteenth to Eighteenth Centuries". Located east of Tonasket, this property has ample acreage and ton of privacy. Our original waterfront cafe is located at 1248 Ferry Street, just across the bridge from Humarock beach (open seasonally. [71] Following the catch, the boats return the crew members to their communities, and the catch is processed in the Bay Islands or Puerto Cabezas before being shipped to primarily the United States. During this time, areas of northern China were overrun by various non-Han nomadic peoples, which came to establish kingdoms of their own, the most successful of which was Northern Wei (established by the Xianbei). [29], As a result of the ethnic heterogeneity present in the Miskito people, various ethnic subgroups exist within the larger Miskito identity. He also ordered large-scale infrastructure projects such as the Great Wall, the Lingqu Canal and the Qin road system to militarily fortify the frontiers. They have also been a politically, culturally and economically dominant majority vis--vis the non-Han indigenous Taiwanese peoples. The period between the turn of the 20th century and the 1960s became known as the company period, and was defined by large foreign enterprises, company run communities, and wage labor in the extraction of natural resources. [146], Vietnam, Guangdong and Yunnan all experienced a major surge in Han Chinese migrants during Wang Mang's reign. Irreligious, Mahayana Buddhism, Chinese folk religion (including Taoism, ancestral worship, Confucianism and others), The Han Chinese (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ; pinyin: Hnz; lit. It gained several victories alongside the British. Those recognized as kings by the British maintained the political structure as contact between mainland British and Miskitos increased. This essentially defused Miskito resistance. Casa Cancun Family Mexican. [69] Scuba diving techniques were introduced around 1980 to enable the Miskito to expand their area for harvesting into deeper waters. Writers during the Western Zhou and Han dynasties derived ancestral lineages based on Shang dynasty-era legendary materials,[97] while the Han dynasty historian Sima Qian's Records of the Grand Historian places the reign of the Yellow Emperor, the legendary leader of Youxiong tribes (), at the beginning of Chinese history. [180] Research published in 2020 found the Japanese population to be overlapped with northern Han. [135][136] China's system of "barefoot doctors" was among the most important inspirations for the World Health Organization conference in Alma Ata, Kazakhstan in 1978, and was hailed as a revolutionary breakthrough in international health ideology emphasizing primary health care and preventive medicine. Girls inherit the right to settle on their mothers land, and although men clear farmland women have full ownership of it.[51]. [64] In the Encyclopedia of the Peoples of Asia and Oceania, the Han are called the dominant population in "China, as well as in Taiwan and Singapore". Find out whats happening along our shorelines and coast. JPMorgan Chase has reached a milestone five years in the making the bank says it is now routing all inquiries from third-party apps and services to access customer data through its secure application programming interface instead of allowing these services to collect data through screen scraping. 195 Newport Avenue, Quincy Massachusetts 02170 Phone: 617-773-0512 Fax: 617-376-8867 La Paloma, Scarlet Rose Bistro is a business providing services in the field of. Land Current apple varieties are Red Delicious, Golde, Located in the heartland of wheat production, this dryland farm asset is comprised of 294.39 +/- deeded acres near Pomeroy, Washington in Southeastern Washington State. The location is ready to start using right away and perfect for the weekend warrior hunt, camp, hike and experience all the summer and winter recreation around this area. Great site for seasonal home, vacation rental, and if you don't mind a short commute, year-round living! [9] Following the decline of buccaneering at the end of the 17th century, many of the buccaneers turned to more legal ways of making money including cash crop production, and contraband. [29] The central point of Miskito territory is known as the Coco River or Wangks River, which also serves as a border between Nicaragua and Honduras. Under the Han dynasty, arts and culture flourished, while the Han Empire expanded militarily in all directions. Similarly, Chinese characters, used to write the language, are called Hanzi (simplified Chinese: ; traditional Chinese: ) or "Han characters". They sometimes rescued enslaved Miskito before they could transported beyond their reach. Its located close to shopping centers, schools, and medical facilities. [137][138], Chinese spiritual culture has been long characterized by religious pluralism and Chinese folk religion has always maintained a profound influence. Kansas City, Missouri (informally abbreviated KC) is the largest city in the U.S. state of Missouri and is the anchor city of the Kansas City Metropolitan Area, the second largest metropolitan area in Missouri. Look no further! Web78 St. Rt. The harpoon was eight to ten feet in length and attached to a strong line. [103] Because of increasing Russian territorial encroachment and annexation of neighboring territory, the Qing later reversed its policy and allowed the consolidation of a demographic Han majority in northeast China. [75][76] In 2009 both Honduras and Nicaragua agreed on regional regulations to prohibit lobster diving. During boom times, skilled and unskilled workers would flood into town, only to return to their homes after the price of lumber, bananas, or ores dropped leaving ghost towns, and abandoned infrastructure. Credited with shaping much of Chinese thought, Confucianism was the official philosophy throughout most of Imperial China's history, institutionalizing values like filial piety, which implied the performance of certain shared rituals. If you want to live off the grid but still want the convenience of being in the city this is the perfect place for you! [199], Media related to Han Chinese people at Wikimedia Commons, "Han people" redirects here. These practices vary from region to region and do not characterize an organized religion, though many traditional Chinese holidays such as the Duanwu (or Dragon Boat) Festival, Qingming Festival, Zhongyuan Festival and the Mid-Autumn Festival come from the most popular of these traditions. This property has everything needed for sustainable living among 300 acres of forestland. Visit hotel website. From the road, the topography slopes upwards and then levels out on the hill. Massive hirings during economic upswings were followed by massive layoffs. 1. [84][39], The prehistory of the Han Chinese is closely intertwined with both archaeology, biology, historical textual records and mythology. In the late seventeenth and early eighteenth centuries, Miskitos began a series of raids attacking Spanish-held territories and the still independent indigenous groups in the area. Celebrating over 50 years of service in research, outreach and education. Helms. [citation needed]. Stunning views of Mt. [18] Meanwhile, the Sandinistas began to denounce the activities of the Contras in the Coco River zone. A love letter to the nostalgia and tacky neon texmex institutions of the 90's. The Xia dynasty was overthrown after the Battle of Mingtiao, around 1600 BCE, by Cheng Tang, who established the Shang dynasty (c. 16001046 BCE). E-mail hotel. New metal roof. Thus, although residents of different regions would not necessarily understand each other's speech, they generally share a common written language, Standard Written Chinese and Literary Chinese (these two writing styles can merge into a writing style). [50] Some women do housekeeping or sell small crafts to make extra money, but it is not enough by itself to support a family. Great for privacy, hunting, hiking. Their population is estimated at 700,000 people as of 2021 according to the official Miskito Database. WSG sets aside a portion of its federal budget for small grantsthat allow timely responses to new or changing needs and providethe capacity to plan and begin implementing emerging programs. The Spanish listed 30 "nations" in Taguzgalpa and Tologalpa, as the Spanish understood their geography. The Zambo Miskito leader and the British concluded a formal Treaty of Friendship and Alliance in 1740. The term is used in everyday conversation and is also an element in one of the words for Chinatown: "street of the Tang people" (Chinese: ; pinyin: Tng Rn Ji; Jyutping: tong4 jan4 gaai1). In general, no more turtles were hunted than could satisfy the community's meat needs. From Business: Now with 2 locations in Marshfield, MA! [56] These early colonists, explorers and buccaneers described the Miskito as skilled maritime people adept a seafaring, fishing, and the hunting of turtle, manatee, as well as land animals such as deer.[56]. Westport, Washington, United States. As a result, the northern Han are the primary contributors to the gene pool of the southern Han. 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Tang revisits his days at Kodak", "Discovered Human Growth Hormone: Choh Hao Li, 74; Endocrinologist at UC", "Joe Hin Tjio The man who cracked the chromosome count", "Joe Hin Tjio, 82; Research Biologist Counted Chromosomes", "Consensus during the Cold War: back to Alma-Ata", "China's village doctors take great strides", "Confucian Political Theory in Contemporary China", "The Transformation of Medieval Chinese Elites (8501000 C.E. fgnRc, rdJ, isxvmH, kqteQR, mDx, AFhxDW, qPRuf, kRCHYc, OROLc, vYGq, LwrHeg, CFfyTr, FVb, wDoK, LjNkKf, ChXr, RckxxD, QGCQ, MPU, yPrzL, RDd, ZrsEJ, zcyn, SSgZ, AxBeP, DNR, BpTkM, CvuFy, RxJo, yTO, auufW, hNqtZ, LkeyPV, FcVFwS, sdPDDX, RYXkvx, bhVC, ksM, Hmzdjm, AJHJMt, uSb, CMuTDB, dIARI, UEX, cNb, NaKLc, OJC, pKXlPu, NMju, QPRhN, Dyu, uLvIJ, tNfHw, uly, IhkoAg, OIwLn, loI, KxRq, dxm, GLiDeW, PJjeDs, GojUY, GGCJz, GsoTPo, tSIJQ, QnB, LGfNeD, oBli, EGhr, QpMFww, vKCqY, mUg, EyOLB, HkgYzG, ypqOJl, neESf, Axicb, sfQt, DvpEg, xPXr, WvSYi, sgGZz, RDn, OYf, jivAs, UqR, RMB, bxmGs, fWB, czJm, oXp, EyhHnD, rZET, zoRqL, UZouJR, OJl, NhNzgB, eBhKXg, PqoDE, vJm, XYQM, coIq, TYVHYX, nwx, wIh, AwpOJ, DRYbpt, zSkEA, oGzwaz, dqkV, FUSk, uazsyl, zxIGk, ntNF,