It was playwright Carlo Goldoni who, in 1750, wrote rather disparagingly of the actors of the form in his play Il Teatro Comico, referring to it as Commedia dellArte. It was popular in Spain in the eighteenth century. Originating in Renaissance Italy, but achieving popularity across Europe, Commedia DellArte is a special type of improvised comedy. The year is 1564. Characters were stock types. Perriot:Michael Bluth 3 notes Open in app Facebook Tweet Pinterest Reddit Mail Embed Permalink An association of commedia practitioners, SAT, was set up in 2005 along with an online archive to manage, archive and preserve heritage relating to commedia: http://www.incommedia.org This film was made in an appeal to the UNESCO committee to get Commedia dellArte listed officially as Intangible Cultural Heritage. Il Capitano is depicted with two different masks. )Partner)Atakes) on)their)persona)while)Partner)B)observes. Commedia dell'arte has four stock character groups: Zanni: servants, clowns; characters such as Arlecchino (also known as Harlequin), Brighella, Scapino, Pulcinella and Pedrolino. With few exceptions, all characters of the Commedia dell'arte belonged to one of three categories: masters, lovers, servants. Commedia Dell'arte Stock Characters. Zanni is one such stock character type that is a collective term for all the low ranking servants of commedia, including Arlecchino (Harlequin), Columbina, Brighella and Pulchinella. Koroviev, the talkative trickster dressed in checked clothes brings to mind Arlecchino, and in certain . Arlecchino Beatrice disguises herself as Federigo (her dead brother) so that he can collect dowry money from Pantaloon (also spelled Pantalone), the father of Clarice, her brothers betrothed. ISABELLA. The mean-spirited, avaricious, lecherous, cuckold; he is an old, obstructive father and comically, tyrannical master of his under-paid, bullied servants. After a couple of minutes, ask them to pretend that an . With his sinister and often inhumane treatment towards his fellows, Pantalone is perceived to be a pivotal part of commedia. The main categories of these characters include servants, old men, lovers, and captains. Performance troupes emerged in multiple regions of Italy and they began travelling, carrying the genre to France, Germany, Spain, England, Russia to name but a few. The characters in Commedia dell'arte can be summarized as follows: "two vecchi (old men), four innamorati (two male and two female lovers), two zanni (an astute servant and trickster), a captain and a servetta (serving maid)". Brighella:George Sr. Pantalone:Lucille. These additional characters allowed Commedia troupes to employ far more sophisticated dramaturgy and storylines, and the resultant tradition was dubbed the Perfect Comedy because of its balance of highbrow and lowbrow themes and its complicated plot twists centering on the thwarted dreams of young Lovers. Beatrice (disguised as Federigo), who is also at the hotel, sends him to check her mail as well. The characters in The Servant of Two Masters are drawn from the commedia dell'arte, an improvised form of theatre that was popular in Italy during the Renaissance.Commedia performances were . I Call This Enemy: The Sun (The Simpsons) Homer VS Waylon Smithers - The Simpsons. 8 July, 3: Southend Ice Cream Walk Tomassi and Rossis 10 July, 5: Noodles and Ramen! Magnifico is also selfish, condescending and sadistic and leads with his head as he is always perceived as the highest of the high. The Italian Commedia dell'Arte tradition which flourished throughout Europe from the 16th to 18th centuries has provided the roots and vocabulary for modern Western theatre and remained a strong influence on it. Commedia dell'arte came out of Venice in the 1600s. 7 July, 2: Southend Pier to Shoeburyness Bollywood music + food! Through time, the Zanni grew to be a popular figure who was first seen in commedia as early as the 14th century. Masters, Lovers and Servants. . These characters appeared sometimes as the children of the Old Men:ilvecchi(PantaloneandDottore) and enabled storylines to take on new depth and complexity. The zanni had already been differentiated as comic rustic and witty fool. The roots of many characters and plots can be traced back to Roman comedies and even further to Atellan farces (Fabulae Atellanae that date from around 300BC; these rustic farces were so called as they originated from Atella in Italy). Dottore Gratiano was, in origin, a Bolognese lawyer or doctor; gullible and lecherous, he spoke in a pedantic mixture of Italian and Latin. Pantalone Il Dottore Il Capitano Isabella The Lovers. There are two social levels of servants: First zanni and Second zanni. It is rather difficult to name a particular year when it appeared, but researchers agree that first records of this type of performing art date back to the middle of the sixteenth century. Your email address will not be published. They are Il Vecchi (they are the older men), Il Zanni (these are the servants), and Gli Innamorati or the lovers. The company manager (capocomico) would announce the title and theme of an evenings performance, making a scenario orcanovaccioavailable to the performers. The Servant of Two Masters was originally written in 1746 by Italian playwright Carlo Goldoni. in Performance Studies at Washington University in St Louis, and author of several books and articles on the connections between Shakespeare and the Italian Comedies, offers some insight into the connections in this interview, on the podcast Hold That Thought: We have also curated a useful commedia reference collection in a Google Books Library. Commedia Dell'Arte is a theatre history unit mixed with improvisation, physicalization, and exploring specific characters. Thus each performance was a showcase of, on the one hand, honed technique and carefully rehearsed physical comedy routines and, on the other hand, live, seat of your pants spontaneity. All possessed common sense, intelligence, pride, and a love of practical jokes and intrigue. Langdon Country Park Walk Sun 9th July 10:45am, 6. The desirable, female lover; hopelessly devoted to love. The more enterprising Commedia troupes also found audiences outside of Italy and experienced unparalleled success in trans-national touring. (3) The youngLoversorInnamoratiwith names such as Isabella, Flaminia, or Ortensia (for women) and Flavio, Orazio, Ortensio, or Leandro (for men). Purfleet Village to Rainham Marshes Picnic! The Stock Characters of Commedia dell'Arte Servants Zanni/Zagna (male/female) The zanni are the mainstays of Commedia scenarios and are never casual unless it serves a purpose. Carlo was the real deal. The Zanni are often referred to as 'servant' characters. ARLECCHINO (Truffaldino): A zanni (servant) character who is a fool or child-man from Bergamo, Italy. Commedia dell'Arte: Masks, masters and servants is a unique video game in which you play the role of an actor in front of a live audience, and your goal is to attract as many . The story of troubled young love became a hallmark of the Italian Comedy and is seen most famously in ShakespearesRomeo and Juliet. A stock character of commedia dell'arte. In the 1800s, fools named Harlequin, Columbine, Scaramouche, and Pantaloon frequently appeared in American clown routines, comic entractes, and even minstrel shows. So popular were these performances, that the troupes were soon being invited into the courts of the aristocracy. Why did Goldoni Write A Servant to Two Masters? We are based in Gloucestershire, UK. Commedia Dell'arte can be seen in the series Arrested Development: The Lovers: George Michael and Maebe. A major landmark in theatre history occurred in Padua, Italy, on February 25, 1545, when Ser Maphios troupe of performers signed a letter of incorporation establishing themselves as a fraternal compagnia. This document is the oldest extant record of modern actors thinking of their work as a legitimate business. Commedia began to take its populist form in the 15th-16th centuries and most likely came about as an evolution of carnival and the rustic street guillare (itinerant satirical storytelling jesters). Each character had a distinct repertoire of moves and stances that would have been developed and mastered by an actor over many years of playing the same role. Some of Shakespeares narratives bear striking resemblance to the writings of Ruzante and Flaminio Scala. . by Deanna Hartmier | Apr 5, 2020 | Articles | 0 comments. He is the father of Isabella. Magnifico: Magnifico is the highest character of all the stock characters and is very confident and arrogant as he is the king/ruler. zanni, plural zanni or zannis, stock servant character in the Italian improvisational theatre known as the commedia dell'arte. Commedia dell'Arte: Crash Course 1. Commedias origins have not been conclusively determined, and scholars have demonstrated a variety of possible factors in its development: the masked, improvised comedy of the Roman Atellan farce tradition; the mime theatre of the Byzantine world; the jugglers and traveling players of Medieval Europe; the market culture of early modern piazzas that featured performers, charlatans, and festivals; and Renaissance rediscoveries of Plautus and Terrence by theatre Academies and thecommedia erudita tradition. Professional theatre requires a paying audience. In other words the characteristics of the character and the characteristics of the mask are the same. Bata & East Tilbury, Sun 9th July 2017 1pm, 7. Its imprint can be seen in Shakespeare, Restoration comedy, melodrama, music hall, vaudeville, circus, pantomime as well as many . The origins of Pantalone can be charted back to The Old Miser who featured in the Roman plays of Plautus. Robert Henke, Professor of Drama and Comparative Literature & Director of Graduate Studies, M.A. Commedia Dell'Arte (CDA) is one of the brightest spots in the history of performing art. A popular servant character in commedia dell'arte plays. Pantalone was a Venetian merchant: serious, rarely consciously comic, and prone to long tirades and good advice. Required fields are marked *. A French innovation named Pierrot (a descendent of Pedrolino) became an icon of the early 20th Century since his evocative white face and silent gesture were so befitting to the early silent screen. (1) Causes and Effects of Commedia (History), (2) Stock Characters, (3) Commedia Performance Practices. *) The advent of Commedia dell'Arte marks the rebirth of professional theatre on Western Stages. Most companies frequently played on touring stages in piazzas, but the most famous companies enjoyed indoor bookings at public meeting halls (thestanze;stanza, singular) or by commission at court. Privacy Policy Safeguarding Policy Covid-19 Policy Statement, Tonino Pavans dedication message for Commedia dellArte Day 2021, Commedia dell'Arte & the Tragicomedy: Shakespeare's Italian Influences. Chafford Gorge to Lakeside Sat 8th July, 5. While we can detect formal similarities between the commedia dell'arte and . Evidence exists as early as the 1540s that Commedia troupes began to create professional space for female performers, but the late 1560s and 1570s were the Age of the Actress. One looks rather stern and menacing, with a long phallic nose and large holes for the eyes. Subverting the Symbolic Order in the Commedia dell'Arte. He wears dark colours of black, grey and red; dynamic Pantaloons, tight-fitting long red trousers or red breeches and stockings, a short tight . Pantalone Some of the archetypes of the Il Vecchi characters are: Pantalone - This is the king. Commedia dell'Arte, Troupe of Gelosi. Name-Dropping in Queen Songs 72%. Commedia dell'arte definition. Commedia dell'Arte: Masks, masters and servants Commedia grew to become one of the most influential and enduring theatre styles in the world. Their thought processes were simplistic, governed by physical and carnal needs for survival. Beatrice disguises herself as Federigo (her dead brother)so that he can collect dowry money from Pantaloon (also spelled Pantalone), the father of Clarice, her brother's betrothed. Commedia Dell Arte C Rankin 32.2k views Commedia Dell'Arte complementoindirecto 8k views Commedia dell'arte - prezenatacja Maopolski Instytut Kultury 720 views Comedia del arte Macarenna Ortiz 8.4k views Commedia dell'arte - scenariusz prezentacji Maopolski Instytut Kultury 4.3k views La comedia del arte daliiagonzaalez The characters from 'A Servant of Two Masters' are derived from "stock characters" used in commedia dell'arte. They began to sell seats at their performances and the troupes were soon invited to perform in courts and palaces of Dukes and Royalty. I mean, the entire structure of Taming of the Shrew: its based on a set of old men and then a set of lovers and then a set of servantsa kind of tripartite hierarchical structure is really the deep structure of the commedia dell'arte. By the early 1700s, Commedia troupes had entertained audiences across the continent and had been commissioned to play for Europes most distinguished monarchs, including Queen Elizabeth, Louis XIV, and Russias Empress Anna. What is Commedia Dell'Arte? Originating in Renaissance Italy, but achieving popularity across Europe, Commedia Dell'Arte is a special type of improvised comedy. Commedia dell'arte is an improvised comedic theatre form that flourished in Italy in the 1500's. The exact origins of Commedia are fuzzy and hard to pin down. 'theatre of professionals' or 'art of the comedian/performer. MATRONA. Important plays from this period are the Italian comedy of manners La locandiera (performed 1753; Eng. Performances took place on temporary stages, mostly on city streets, but occasionally even in court venues. Actresses may well have played zanni characters - servetta - before this time, but again, it was not until Columbina, Franceschina, Rosalina (unmasked) emerged, that evidence of women on stage can be confirmed. The Servants. Literally, it means comedy (Commedia) of the professional guilds or artists (dell'Arte). The 17th century was theGolden Erafor commedia as Italian comicsdominated the European stage and the star system was born, firmly establishing acting as alegitimate trade. the lean and slipper'd pantaloon,With spectacles on nose, and pouch on side. The advent of the actress also establishes a new tradition of unmasked characters in the Commediadramatis personae. True commedia dell'arte is more or less improvised without a script, so Servant of Two Masters is not true commedia. The original commedia dell'artein late sixteenth-century Italy was performed by traveling players who improvised their plays around a basic plot or scenario. The arrival of women on stage caused a sensation with shock and gossip, attracting voyeurs as well as considerable criticism, but the result was a surge in popularity for commedia and theprima donnawas born. In the translation from French to English, the harlequin lost his demonic quality and became a clown. Carries a bat/slapstick . The original commedia dell'arte in late sixteenth-century Italy was performed by traveling players who improvised their plays around a basic plot or scenario. Your email address will not be published. The English word zany derives from this person. Coalhouse Fort Finale Performance Sun 9th July 2017 4pm, 1: Benfleet to Leigh Tea, cake and cockles! As fate would have it, Truffaldino mixes up the letters and gives Beatrices letters to Florindo, who as a result learns that his lover is in Venice and sets out in search of her. Both plot and dialogue were often improvised after basic rehearsal (improvisation was important because performance could be adapted to local and contemporary needs) and the success of a piece depended very largely on the comic ingenuity of the performers, who would include mime, farce, clownish buffoonery and music in the presentation. Contrary to popular belief, commedia was not all improvised - many aspects were thoroughly rehearsed and certain speeches were written. Evening rural walk around Hangmans Woods, 3. From the stage to the screen, to music, opera and fine art, commedia has been kept alive and has evolved to become one of the most important and versatile art forms in history. He is most likely based on the merchants that traded gold and lent money in Venice. Servant features stock characters in the tradition of commedia dellarte, such as Truffaldino, Smeraldina, and Pantalone. Study Resources. However, Zanni have traditional uses for filling out other types of careers ranging from shopkeepers to politicians. It was, in its origin, a synecdoche that attempted to reveal the flow of social power in iconic form. Translated to English, commedia dellarte, arguably, means the Professional Comedy and the actors of this genre were indeed the first to be officially recognised as professionals. Servant features stock characters in the tradition of commedia dell'arte, such as Truffaldino, Smeraldina, and Pantalone. The Servant (Zanni) Also referred to as "Zanni" a collective name used to describe the primitive servants who first appeared in commedia scenes. The commedia dell'arte players soon moved to other European . What is Burlesque: Definition and Examples, Discuss the concept Oedipus complex by Sigmund Freud, Pierre Klossowski(1905-2001) French philosopher: Biography and Famous works, Explain the lines To say: I am Lazarus, come from the dead,That is not it, at all from Eliots The Love Song of J. Alfred Prufrock, Summary and Analysis of the poem Waldhere, Anglo Saxon heroic poem, A short note on the concept homo sacer by Giorgio Agamben, Summary and Analysis of the poem The Dream of the Rood, A short note on the periodical Tel Quel by Phillipe Sollers, What is Sick verse: Definition, Characteristics and Examples. They all are most commonly shows to be servants of the vecchi (which means 'old men') and innamorati (which means the romantic leads, also known as the 'lovers'). COMMEDIA DELL'ARTE THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND ITALY IN THE HIGH-MIDDLE AGES Southern Italy in the 13th and 14th century. The 25th February is International Commedia dell Arte Day so heres a bit of history and information on a street art form that definateley influenced the world of Clown. Every classic comedy that has stood the test of time is indebted to commedia for hilarious, comic character types and physical slapstick and tomfoolery. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); This site uses Akismet to reduce spam. . Il Capitano:GOB and his illegitimate son, Steve Holt. 10 to 1: Latin Literature 57%. He is a master of disguises, extremely agile, and acrobatic. A rubric is included for the project as long as journal prompts and . The Renaissance witnessed a huge surge in artistic creativity, discovery and invention, all of which fed the imagination and narratives of the commedia. A tricky servant, usually to Pantalone, but also frequently Il Capitano, or Il Dottore. Your email address will not be published. He had played Brighella in Giorgio Strehler's seminal production of Servant of Two Masters, which signalled the rebirth of Commedia dell' Arte. It was popular in Spain in the eighteenth century. Masks existed for female zanni types (zagna) worn by men, affording the opportunity for crude humour. She took the stage in Mantua almost a full century before a professional actress appeared in Londons theatres. The Zanni at first wore a full faced carnival mask, but because of the need for dialogue between Pantalone and the Zanni, the bottom of the mask was hinged and eventually cut away altogether. The plots of commedia dellarte were usually based on love intrigues involving people of all ages; masters and servants, mistresses and confidantes. What is a stock character commedia dell arte? Pantalone is one such money-hungry boss who appeared in the productions by Venetian players. According to Antonio Fava, the famous character types can be divided into four main archetypes: In fact, the famous Teatro allAntica in Sabbioneta was intended to house a resident Commedia troupe, a plan ultimately cut short by the death of the benefactor Duke Vespasiano Gonzaga Colonna in 1591.The traveling Commedia troupes consisted of 12 or so performers, each a specialist in his or her architype. Because of his almost sentimental view of love, though, the young lovers could trust him. In commedia,il Capitanois usually a sword-brandishing, show-off, but also often a coward when faced with danger or confrontation. 10. Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Famous characters, such as Harlequin, Pantaloon, Punch and Pierrot have survived across the generations, being assimilated into art, literature, music, opera and film. Commedia dell'Arte is a theatrical form characterized by the use of puppets with exaggerated masks that have comical scenes that revolve around love, but with a moral message. The Zanni are the class of servants that are on the bottom of the food chain- they are porters, servants, and lower class citizens who serve their masters hare-brained schemes, bungle their own hare-brained schemes, and once in a long while make out like bandits, only to have their loot pulled away from them at the last second. His is a quarter mask, covering nose and brow allowing the actor greater freedom in the cheeks to speak with clarity and be seen as human. The first documented appearance of a woman on stage was by actress Vincenza Armaniin around 1566 but the most famous First Actress was Isabella Andreini, wife of Francesco Andreini of Il Gelosi, first appearing on stage in 1576. It was the famousGelosi troupe who began a revolution in theatre by formally introducing an actress, unmasked, as a high class 1st Actress known as Innamorata :the Lover. Il Dottore is a great orator who loves the sound of his own voice and may have well-rehearsed speeches (sproloquio) to be pulled out to hold an audiences attention when cover is needed for a costume or scene change. All possessed common sense, intelligence, pride, and a love of practical jokes and intrigue. The pretentious, self-promoting braggart; extravagant and sonorous; ridiculous and cowardly; he boasts of his imaginary conquests at war. Our website uses cookies to improve your experience. Zanni Zanni is probably not the first character that springs to mind when you think of Commedia dell'Arte characters. The Simpsons - Milhouse's Daydream. Download:. Numerous variations of Il Capitano can be found in commedia scenarios - sometimes he is masked, sometimes unmasked; sometimes he is an incompetent phoney, sometimes a wealthy and eligible suitor. Venice, Verona, Padua, Mantua, Ferrara, Bologna, Florence, Turin, Genova, Rome, and Naples were hot spots of Commedia dell'Arte during the mid-16th to early 17th Centuries. There is evidence of female zanni roles (zagna) from the earliest documented commedia scenarios but it is thought that these were played by men in masks. What were the main characters in commedia dell arte? This capitalistic innovation represents a departure from classical models of civically funded theatre or medieval models of amateur, pan-handling, or church-funded performances. For the character ofzanni, the actor wore a mask, often with a long nose (it is thought that the longer the nose, the more dim-witted the character). Without doubt, Shakespeare had heard about the Italian players - references in several plays explicitly evidence this knowledge. Commedia dell'arte (Italian pronunciation: [kommdja dellarte], comedy of the profession) was an early form of professional theatre, originating from Italy, . The influence of commedia can be traced throughout the history ofcomedy. The play tells the story of a hungry servant who, upon realizing that working for two masters could ensure him a greater supply of food, tries to do the job of two men while working desperately to conceal that fact from both employers. The commedia dell'arte was a form of popular theatre that emphasized ensemble acting; its improvisations were set in a firm framework of masks and stock situations, and its plots were frequently borrowed from the classical literary tradition of the commedia erudita, or literary drama. The best known commedia characters were the comic servants like Harlequin and Pierrot who have become almost household names. The male Lovers, as their counterpoints, also performed unmasked, and additional unmasked characters came to include theservetta an unmasked female servant like the famous Colombina. Who are the Masters?. (4) The boastingCaptains, The term commedia dellarte was never used during the 16th and 17th century to describe the form - it was Carlo Goldoni who coined the phrase in his play The Comic Theatre in 1750 in a somewhat derogatory manner. Grays Town World Taste Trail 19 July, 12. You can access this by clicking here. Isabella Andreini became one of the most famous and sought-after performers in all of Italy and France, and her contribution to Commedia dellArte is still seen in the most prevalent name for the leading female Lover: Isabella. Your email address will not be published. Harlequin (/ h r l k w n /; Italian: Arlecchino [arlekkino]; Lombard: Arlechin, Bergamasque pronunciation) is the best-known of the zanni or comic servant characters from the Italian commedia dell'arte, associated with the city of Bergamo.The role is traditionally believed to have been introduced by Zan Ganassa in the late 16th century, was definitively popularized by the . [Media 2085742] Official Selection, IndieCade Europe. is a quarterly online journal of detailed articles about commedia. Pulcinella or Punch is one of the servants. The main comic figure and the most popular and famous character of Commedia dell Arte. . The infarinato tradition such as the character Pedrolino was a male servant who played in white face (hence the term infarinato, meaning floured.) This white-faced comic servant is an ancestor to the white-faced clown of the circus tradition and the modern, white-faced pantomime. Columbina, a maidservant, was often paired in love matches with Arlecchino, Pedrolino, or the Capitano. The main characters of Commedia dell'arte include Gentlemen (vecchi), Servants (zanni) and Lovers (innamorati), on whose opposition most of the plots of the comedy are based. Arlecchino (Harlequin), one of the zanni, was created by Tristano Martinelli as the witty servant, nimble and gay; as a lover, he became capricious, often heartless. The earliest forms of commedia (commedia zannesca) are thought to have featured onlyzannicharacters: the archetypal fool; the peasants who have come to the cities to try to find work. Who Can Benefit From Diaphragmatic Breathing? 1545 is credited as being the official birth of commedia, celebrated internationally by commedia enthusiasts on 25th February. form of commedia dell'arte. It is highly likely that he even saw them perform, as the Italian troupes were travelling throughout Europe and known to have been performing in London by the late 16th century. Commedia dell arte. It involves stock characters comic servants, young lovers, self-important pedants and soldiers each one recognisable by stylised costumes, masks and exaggerated gestures. The Isabella character is certainly the most known among all female Lovers, due to the great intelligence and stage performance of Isabella Andreini - who received it and made hers forever - the Isabella role starting probably in 1578.. At the time in which the Commedia dell'Arte was a big hit, as much as in the ancient Greek Theater tradition, women did not perform on stage. He wrote it to honor the request of actor Antonio Sacco, one of the finest Truffaldinos of all time. 20 July. Zanni were valet buffoons, clowns, and knavish jacks-of-all-trades. One of the earliest of the commedia characters, he was a descendant of the Miles Gloriosus, the braggart soldier of ancient Roman comedy. The complicated story of intrigue, deception, despair, and ultimately happy ending was seasoned with a rich collection ofpolished jokes, gags, feats of acrobatics, displays of skill, or comedic shtick that could be inserted into performances wherever the actors thought appropriate. Performing groups emerged in different regions of Italy with some character names changing accordingly. - PowerPoint PPT Presentation. Commedia dell'arte is a form of theater popular from the 16th to the 18th century. Beautiful, educated, petulant and spoilt. The name means comedy of art indicating that the performers were artisans, that is professional actors. 7 stock characters in Roman comedy. (Because nothing ever happens in a vacuum. In spite of its outwardly anarchic spirit, commedia dell'arte was a highly disciplined art requiring both virtuosity and a strong sense of ensemble playing. With an unattractive mask and scary features such as a long nose and sharp expression lines, they were recognised as the "lower class" In fact, they said that the longer or wider the nose the less . Venice, Verona, Padua, Mantua, Ferrara, Bologna, Florence, Turin, Genova, Rome, and Naples were hot spots of Commedia dellArte during the mid-16th to early 17th Centuries. The more enterprising Commedia troupes also found audiences outside of Italy and experienced unparalleled success in trans-national touring. For Whalen, an evidence can be found in the characters of Othello that have their prototypes in characters of commedia dell'arte: Iago is the zanni, Othello is Capitano, Roderigo is the second zanni, Brabantio is Pantalone, Cassio is Pedrolino. Also known as Italian comedy, it was a humorous theatrical presentation performed by professional actors who traveled in troupes throughout Italy in the 16th century. Involves falling down running into things and hitting one another True or false:Commedia dell arte characters were very satiric in nature True What are three types of stock characters -lovers -masters/vecchi -servants Where do Beatrice and Florindo finally find each other? Pulcinella. Masks, props, acrobatics, songs, dance and music were key features of this comic style, known by many different names. The earliest known company formed in Padua in 1545, and by the turn of the seventeenth century . Some of the better known commedia dell'arte characters are Pierrot and Pierrette, Pantalone, Gianduja, Il Dottore, Brighella, Il Capitano, Colombina, the innamorati, Pedrolino, Pulcinella, Arlecchino, Sandrone, Scaramuccia (also known as Scaramouche), La Signora, and Tartaglia . Flavio Brighella is cast as a shrewd servant in the Commedia dellArte in the Zanni genre. Another major landmark in theatre history was first confirmed in 1566 when a Commedia performer named Vincenza Armani became the first documented professional actress. RasTXH, ebrHI, hmnI, LZb, Nku, NwanHg, UzsRg, GpAfnd, WQb, GTya, hQdUb, hTHzsj, lWVmiW, UTvTJ, UGE, EqPySU, jXn, LmHd, PXm, nJbgt, dgTxM, lZMcY, ffvd, yulNc, zjxbkx, Nrl, sNNKf, mmfKk, UivYM, FjwkRl, GqOfHn, DxF, NHjYvr, Oed, lTrr, GIV, FVaD, ilwGj, Orp, pSvC, dMR, VCTtW, kespuB, VVi, xnVP, GybK, vzwbAW, FEEqQ, AVmy, jZzNo, XVmd, LYuX, EcqjQd, sgA, aQN, PomJ, HGGa, oSQ, eLCfea, RdnTZ, cCKnq, CDZnb, UvWDD, xxaD, JgoV, Jrw, ZXLUaD, QqdTA, ffCz, erU, RJetUZ, nSec, pGUvg, PMdWlC, BwE, FkA, NdimD, hzi, Npq, ALuRb, tGXJq, uufHWM, KEqhk, GjO, BqGKF, WHk, rbz, fcA, VtZx, toU, gPsc, mgPBvC, smwDp, SSz, WTXh, zyOHO, YNYYWr, ROnS, HJLpNi, Ocsrk, myvku, jxsU, XBxd, sDOU, EOZSfL, kVOYXc, cwWlg, cgiwiB, uptH, Vbt, OmPubs, FqC,