The parasite larvae that cause swimmer's itch are known as cercariaecercariaeA cercaria (plural cercariae) is the larval form of the trematode class of parasites. Cercarial dermatitis, also known as swimmer's itch or clam-digger's itch, is caused by the larvae of blood flukes that are parasites of birds or mammals. The rash and itching are the body's allergic reaction to parasites in the skin. You might be referred to a doctor who specializes in skin conditions (dermatologist). Before infecting birds, other animals or people, the hatched parasites must live for a time within a type of snail. These parasites typically get transmitted by infected snails into water bodies such as lakes and ponds. Over time, the symptoms, particularly the diarrhea, worsen. Apis mellifica is an effective medicine for treating the symptoms of a swimmer's itch especially when the rashes are raised and have stinging pain. Swimmers itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites that infect some birds and mammals. Yes. Most cases of swimmers itch do not require medical attention. No specific medicine is needed. For swimmers, the rash can be widespread. In reality, swimmer's itch is a temporary skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. Reagan. Swimmer's itch is caused by a small parasite found in many lakes. These parasites will usually infect snails, some mammals like beavers, or birds and it is an accident that they attach themselves to a human. To reduce the risk of swimmer's itch: Choose swimming spots carefully. The genera most commonly associated with swimmer's itch in humans are Trichobilharzia [4] and Gigantobilharzia. Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis) is an itchy rash caused by a parasite in lake water. Accessed Oct. 11, 2016. The rash causes itchiness because the parasites burrow into your skin and trigger an allergic reaction. Swimmers itch is found throughout the world and is more frequent during summer months. Swimmer's itch, otherwise known as cercarial dermatitis, is a rash caused by an allergy to certain parasites. Within minutes to days after swimming in contaminated water, you may experience tingling, burning, or itching of the skin. These microscopic parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). It is less common in salt water. A swimmer's itch is an allergic reaction to certain parasites that typically infect specific mammals and birds. Do I need to see my health care provider for treatment? While the parasites preferred host is the specific bird or mammal, if the parasite comes into contact with a swimmer, it burrows into the skin causing an allergic reaction and rash. Parasites: Cercarial dermatitis (also known as swimmer's itch). They help us to know which pages are the most and least popular and see how visitors move around the site. Soak in a bath sprinkled with Epsom salts, baking soda or oatmeal. No specific medicine is needed. This little critter is a result of bird or small rodent carrying the parasite, passing it through their digestive tract and having it deposited into the water. How Often Should You Post On Tiktok For Business. Also avoid swimming or wading in marshy areas where . These cookies may also be used for advertising purposes by these third parties. It is also found in lakes in Canada and over 30 other countries. The parasite . Towel dry or shower immediately after leaving the water. How Does Tiktok Creator Marketplace Work? Other taxa reported to cause the reaction include Bilharziella polonica and Schistosoma bovis. Common grackles, red-winged blackbirds, ducks, geese, swans, muskrats and moles have been found to carry the parasite. The itchy rash associated with swimmer's itch looks like reddish pimples or blisters. The parasite that causes swimmer's itch lives in the skin of both humans and dogs. It can also be caused by schistosome parasites of non-avian vertebrates, such as Schistosomatium douthitti, which infects snails and rodents. Swimmer's itch rarely leads to complications, but your skin can become infected if you scratch too vigorously. Swimmer's itch, also known as cercarial dermatitis, is a skin rash caused by infection with parasitic flatworms in the family Schistosomatidae, also known as schistosomes. How To Get Into Tiktok Creator Marketplace? Pimples may develop into small blisters. The cercaria cannot continue the life cycle in a human and requires its normal host, a waterfowl. Make a paste of baking soda and water, and then apply it to the affected areas. Swimmer's itch, or cercarial dermatitis, is common in kids that spend time in lakes or oceans. Make a donation. How To Save Videos Without Tiktok Watermark? If the itching is severe, your doctor may recommend a prescription medication. Check out these best-sellers and special offers on books and newsletters from Mayo Clinic Press. Larvae generally survive for 24 hours once they are released from the snail. Swimmer's itch usually affects only exposed skin skin not covered by swimsuits, wet suits or waders. This is an indication of initial penetration of the cercariae. Humans aren't suitable hosts, so the parasites soon die while . The parasites that cause swimmer's itch live in the blood of waterfowl and in mammals that live near ponds and lakes. The main symptoms are itching and a rash. The parasites that. The parasite normally only attacks water birds. It is less common in salt water. Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is caused by the penetration of human skin by cercariae (larva) of schistosome parasites that develop in and are released from snail hosts. Can swimmers itch be spread from person-to-person? What time of year does Swimmer's Itch start? If the larvae find one of these snails, they infect the snail, multiply and undergo further development. Swimmer's itch, also called cercarialcercarialA cercaria (plural cercariae) is the larval form of the trematode class of parasites. It causes a rash that may have blistering, oozing, and/or scabbing and crusting. Since these factors change (sometimes within a swim season), swimmers itch will not always be a problem. Outbreaks occur when the weather and water gets warmer. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. For swimmers, the rash can be widespread. Right: A group of geese, a preferred host of the parasite that causes cercarial dermatitis. This content does not have an Arabic version. In: Wilderness Medicine. This itchy rash develops as an allergic reaction to certain parasites called "cercaria." Infected snails release these parasites into salt and fresh water. Mayo Clinic (opens in new tab) advises avoiding locations where swimmer's itch has been reported, or you see signs warning of possible contamination . When you swim, these parasites penetrate into your skin, causing the rash. Also, they are less likely to towel dry themselves when leaving the water. Philadelphia, Pa.: Mosby Elsevier; 2012. http://www.clincalkey.com. The swimmer's itch-causing cercariae are transparent and only about 0.7 mm (1/32 inch) long, so they are essentially undetectable with the naked eye. We take your privacy seriously. What can be done to reduce the risk of swimmers itch? Linking to a non-federal website does not constitute an endorsement by CDC or any of its employees of the sponsors or the information and products presented on the website. Swimmer's Itch is an irritating, yet harmless rash caused by the human body's allergic reaction to a free-swimming microscopic parasite (cercarial) found in shallow water. The greater the number of exposures to contaminated water, the more intense and immediate symptoms of swimmers itch will be. Right: A group of geese, a preferred host of the parasite that causes cercarial dermatitis. The cercaria, the larvae stage of the parasite, will accidentally penetrate the skin of a human host and die within the skin. For children who wade, the rash may occur only on the legs. And even that isn't foolproof. Swimmer's itch is a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites in fresh or salt water. In humans, the parasite is called Pediculus humanus capitis. It may or may not have a long swimming "tail", depending on the species.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki CercariaCercaria - Wikipedia dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. It may or may not have a long swimming tail, depending on the species.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki CercariaCercaria Wikipedia. Reagan Caussey, 19, of Dallas developed swimmer's itch, an allergic reaction to a microscopic parasite, after paddle boarding in Lady Bird Lake with two friends in May. Swimmers itch is not contagious and cannot be spread from one person to another. All members of this group, collectively called avian schistosomes, have the same general life cycle, involving the metamorphosis of different lifestyle stages (similar to a butterfly that goes through an egg, caterpillar, and pupil stage before turning into an adult). If water contaminated with parasites dries on a swimmer's skin, the microscopic parasites can burrow into the skin. Swimmer's itch is caused by the trematode parasites of which there are many different varieties. It's contracted by swimming or wading in infested fresh water lakes or ponds. The parasites that cause swimmer's itch live in the blood of waterfowl and in mammals that live near ponds and lakes. As a part of their life cycle, these parasites are released by infected snails into the water, where they may come in contact with people and burrow into their skin. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. A cercaria has a tapering head with large penetration glands. For future snails to become infected, migratory birds or mammals in the area must also be infected so the lifecycle can continue. These cookies allow us to count visits and traffic sources so we can measure and improve the performance of our site. Swimmer's itch. The parasite normally only attacks water birds. Avoid swimming in areas where swimmer's itch is a known problem or signs warn of possible contamination. Some people are more sensitive to swimmer's itch than others are. It is found throughout the world and is more common during the summer months. The parasite's usual hosts are waterfowl and rodents. (You can only see it with a microscope). To reduce the likelihood of developing swimmers itch, More on: Protecting Yourself from Recreational Water Illnesses. Swimmer's itch is uncomfortable, but it usually clears up on its own in a few days. The more time you spend in infested water, the higher your risk of swimmer's itch. An interesting fact about these parasites is that humans are not suitable hosts for them. There is intolerable itching and burning of the skin relieved by Apis mellifica. The parasites produce eggs that are passed in the feces of infected birds or mammals. The adult parasite lives in the blood of infected animals such as ducks, geese, gulls, swans, and certain mammals such as muskrats and raccoons. To reduce the risk of swimmer's itch: Mayo Clinic does not endorse companies or products. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. A single copy of these materials may be reprinted for noncommercial personal use only. Gross, huh? Puoi cambiare le tue preferenze in qualunque momento nella sezione Le tue impostazioni per la privacy. This information is not meant to be used for self-diagnosis or as a substitute for consultation with a health care provider. The parasites that cause swimmer's itch live in the blood of waterfowl and in mammals that live near ponds and lakes. Swimmer's Itch. The rash is called swimmer's itch, or cercarial dermatitis, and it's actually a pretty common occurrence in the summer across the US and around the world. How does water become infested with the parasite? Because these larvae cannot develop inside a human, they soon die. If the eggs land in or are washed into the water, the eggs hatch, releasing small, free-swimming microscopic larvae. Scratching the areas may result in secondary bacterial infections. Cause of Swimmer's Itch. 1998-2022 Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research (MFMER). The main symptoms are itching and a rash. Try to avoid scratching the rash. Although the rash can be very uncomfortable, it is not serious and affects only the skin, not the rest of the body. Although humans are not suitable hosts, the microscopic larvae burrow into the swimmers skin, and may cause an allergic reaction and rash. In basic terms, the parasites responsible for Swimmer's Itch come into contact with you in the water, burrow under your skin and cause an allergic reaction, resulting in an itchy rash. If you notice pus at the rash site, consult your doctor. Swimmers itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. Blankenspoor's son Curtis, a biologist at the UMBS, says although parasites that cause swimmer's itch are ubiquitous across North America and Canada, 95 percent of U.S. cases are reported in . Swimmer's itch is a rash usually caused by an allergic reaction to parasites that burrow into your skin while you're swimming or wading in warm water. Swimmer's itch is a rash usually caused by an allergic reaction to parasites that burrow into your skin while you're swimming or wading in warm water. Clicca su Gestisci impostazioni per maggiori informazioni e per gestire le tue scelte. Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a cutaneous inflammatory response usually associated with penetration of the skin by cercariae of bird schistosomes. Yahoo fa parte della famiglia di brand di Yahoo. The CDC explains that the microscopic parasites "are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). Swimmers Itch. Cercarial dermatitis (swimmer's itch) is a cutaneous inflammatory response usually associated with penetration of the skin by cercariae of bird schistosomes. It is common in lakes in 30 states. It develops within the germinal cells of the sporocyst or redia. Also known as cercarial dermatitis, swimmer's itch is most common in freshwater lakes and ponds, but it occasionally occurs in salt water. These tiny parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water such as lakes, ponds, and ocean bays. Dati relativi al dispositivo e alla connessione a Internet, come l'indirizzo IP, Attivit di navigazione e di ricerca durante l'utilizzo dei siti web e delle app di Yahoo. Note the forked tail and a pair of eye spots near the anterior end (right). And the itching can last for up to 1 week after a quick dip. "Mayo," "Mayo Clinic," "MayoClinic.org," "Mayo Clinic Healthy Living," and the triple-shield Mayo Clinic logo are trademarks of Mayo Foundation for Medical Education and Research. Learn specific options for treating and preventing swimmer's itch now. Humans aren't suitable hosts, so the parasites soon die while still in your skin. To date there is no easy way to know if the parasites are cycling in your lake, short of sending the neighbor's kids out in the water as guinea pigs. Dosage and potency: 30c, 200c, take 4 drops of dilution in half a cup of water twice a day, till the improvement is seen. Mayo Clinic on Incontinence - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW The Essential Diabetes Book - Mayo Clinic Press, NEW Mayo Clinic on Hearing and Balance - Mayo Clinic Press, FREE Mayo Clinic Diet Assessment - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Health Letter - FREE book - Mayo Clinic Press, Mayo Clinic Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Mayo Clinic School of Continuous Professional Development, Mayo Clinic School of Graduate Medical Education, Anti-Itch Products Available at Mayo Clinic Store. It is less common in salt water. If you have a rash, you may try the following for relief: Though difficult, try not to scratch. FULL STORY Cercarial dermatitis, also known as swimmer's itch or clam-digger's itch, is caused by the larvae of blood flukes that are parasites of birds or mammals. It may also cause small blisters on the skin and itch or burn. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. . Mayo Clinic is a not-for-profit organization. This content does not have an English version. Parasites Mucuna Schistosomatidae Plasmodium falciparum Toxoplasma Apicomplexa Life Cycle Stages Trypanosoma cruzi Plasmodium berghei Trematoda Leishmania Cestoda Haemosporida Helminths Leishmania major Fishes Leishmania donovani Eels . For children who wade, the rash may occur only on the legs. Swimmer's itch is caused by a small parasite found in many lakes. Itching may last up to a week or more, but will gradually go away. Cases of swimmer's itch occur every year, usually in early summer when the water is warmest. As long as your swimming pool is well maintained and chlorinated, there is no risk of swimmers itch. Swimmer's itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites that infect some birds and mammals. Symptoms include reddening and itching of exposed skin in the water or immediately after emerging. The parasites that cause swimmer's itch live in the blood of waterfowl and in mammals that live near ponds and lakes. You may develop Swimmer's Itch, a skin rash also called Cercarial Dermatitis. parasites that cause swimmer s itch. The Centers for Disease Control & Prevention says: Swimmer's itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites. These microscopic parasites are released from infected snails into fresh salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). Swimmer's itch is an itchy rash that can occur after you go swimming or wading outdoors. It develops within the germinal cells of the sporocyst or redia. We take your privacy seriously. However, an infected snail will continue to produce cercariae throughout the remainder of its life. It generally happens in freshwater, but it can occasionally happen in salt water. Swimmer's Itch. Swimmer's itch is an allergic reaction to a small parasite called a blood fluke. No specific medicine is needed. These parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). Cookies used to track the effectiveness of CDC public health campaigns through clickthrough data. The main symptoms are itching and a rash. Aquatic skin disorders. Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis) looks like a rash with reddish bumps or pimples. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. The parasite that causes swimmer's itch is actually a tiny worm. Swimmer's itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites that infect some birds and mammals. The rash and itching is caused by an allergic reaction to tiny parasites that burrow under your skin. Larvae are more likely to be present in shallow water by the shoreline. These parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). Swimmer's itch can only appear on skin that has had contact with infested water. Thank you for taking the time to confirm your preferences. Medical Information Search English. These parasites normally live in waterfowl. It's a condition that has few studies, but recently there has been growing interest since the World Health Organization (WHO) lists it as an emerging disease. The rash usually goes away on its own within a week. Swimmers Itch is caused by your body being exposed to lake and pond water which contains a microscopic larvae of a flatworm which works its way into your skin. Do not swim in areas where swimmers itch is a known problem or where signs have been posted warning of unsafe water. Images: Left: Cercariae of Austrobilharzia variglandis (left), which can cause cercarial dermatitis. Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis) is a skin irritation caused by a larval form of certainflatworms from the family Schistosomatidae. Because swimmers itch is caused by an allergic reaction to infection, the more often you swim or wade in contaminated water, the more likely you are to develop more serious symptoms. No. Swimmer's itch, cercarial or schistosome dermatitis, is an allergic skin reaction to cercariae, which are the larvae of a waterfowl parasite (bird schistosomes). Per maggiori informazioni sulle modalit di utilizzo dei dati, consulta la nostra Informativa sulla privacy e lInformativa sui cookie. Symptoms include reddening and itching of exposed skin in the water or immediately after emerging. The rash, which can appear as small red bumps on the skin, is caused by microscopic parasites. The parasites that cause swimmer's itch live in the blood of waterfowl and in mammals that live near ponds and lakes. In 2004, cases of swimmer's itch among beach visitors at Robert Crown Memorial Beach in Alameda were subsequently found to be caused by an invasive, previously un . These microscopic parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). The rash, which can appear as small red bumps on the skin, is caused by microscopic parasites. What is swimmer's itch? Children are most often affected because they tend to swim, wade, and play in the shallow water more than adults. Swimmer's itch is an allergic reaction to microscopic parasites that burrow into your skin while you're swimming or wading outdoors. Swimmer's itch organisms are most commonly noticed in early summer, when the water is its warmest. It develops within the germinal cells of the sporocyst or redia. This parasite (of the family Schistosomatidae) causes 'swimmer's itch' or more correctly cercarial dermatitis: an allergic reaction to the parasite - in its cercarial stage - burrowing into your skin. . Cercarial dermatitis, also known as Swimmer's Itch, is named after the cercariae parasite that infects the human skin, causing an allergic reaction. Children may have the highest risk, since they tend to play in shallow water and are less likely to dry off with a towel. A cercaria has a tapering head with large penetration glands. The parasite normally only attacks water birds. You will be subject to the destination website's privacy policy when you follow the link. Also known as cercarial dermatitis, swimmer's itch is most common in freshwater lakes and ponds, but it occasionally occurs in salt water. Many factors must be present for swimmers itch to become a problem in water. A cercaria has a tapering head with large penetration glands. This rash is caused by tiny parasites found in shallow, warm water, typically along the shore. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. CDC is not responsible for Section 508 compliance (accessibility) on other federal or private website. If you swim in water that's infested with the parasite, it can burrow (dig) into your skin. Swimmer's itch usually affects only exposed skin skin not covered by swimsuits, wet suits or waders. Encourage health officials to post signs on shorelines where swimmers itch is a current problem. If you need to go back and make any changes, you can always do so by going to our Privacy Policy page. It may appear within minutes or days after swimming or wading in infested water. Swimmer's itch is caused by a small parasite found in many lakes. The season is relatively short - usually four to six weeks, depending on the weather. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. The parasite larvae that cause swimmers itch are known as cercariaecercariaeA cercaria (plural cercariae) is the larval form of the trematode class of parasites. These parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). Swimmer's itch is commonly referred to as lake itch, duck itch, cercarial dermatitis and Schistosome cercarial dermatitis. This site complies with the HONcode standard for trustworthy health information: verify here. Also avoid swimming or wading in marshy areas where . The naturally-occurring parasite needs ducks, snails and warm shallow waters to flourish. Both species of parasites cause itching, redness, and inflammation of the skin. Swimmer's Itch Symptoms. Swimmer's itch, also called cercarial dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain parasites that infect some birds and mammals. The ones that cause swimmer's itch are of the Gigantobilharzia or Trichobilharzia genus. For children who wade, the rash may occur only on the legs. While the parasites preferred host is the specific bird or mammal, if the parasite comes into contact with a swimmer, it burrows into the skin causing an allergic reaction and rash. Cases of swimmer's itch occur every year, usually in early summer when the water is warmest. Auerbach PS, et al. In the meantime, you can control itching with over-the-counter or prescription medications. What is Swimmer's Itch? After the parasite is excreted from the waterfowl or rodent, it then enters a snail. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Parasites - Cercarial Dermatitis (also known as Swimmer's Itch), Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services. For children who wade, the rash may occur only on the legs. These snails live near the shoreline, which explains why infections occur most often in shallow water. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Parasites - Cercarial Dermatitis (also known as Swimmer's Itch). Signs and symptoms of swimmer's itch typically worsen with each exposure to the parasites. Upon hatching, free swimming Schistosomatidae larvae seek out an intermediary host . http://www.cdc.gov/parasites/swimmersitch/faqs.html. Accessed Oct. 11, 2016. Swimmer's itch (cercarial dermatitis) is an itchy rash that can happen after swimming in natural bodies of water. To receive email updates about this page, enter your email address: For Healthcare Providers, Emergency Consultations, and General Public. Cookies used to enable you to share pages and content that you find interesting on CDC.gov through third party social networking and other websites. The parasites that cause swimmer's itch originate from infected birds that live near water, such as ducks, geese and gulls, and mammals like beavers, muskrats and raccoons. It may or may not have a long swimming "tail", depending on the species.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki CercariaCercaria - Wikipedia dermatitis) look like? The rash appears as small pimples, bumps, or blisters usually seen on exposed areas of your skin. It is found throughout the world and is more common during the summer months. It's contracted by swimming or wading in infested fresh water lakes or ponds. It develops within the germinal cells of the sporocyst or redia. Normally, the blood flukes infect a bird or mammal by burrowing into these animals' skin. Protecting Yourself from Recreational Water Illnesses, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, tingling, burning, or itching of the skin, Apply cool compresses to the affected areas, Apply baking soda paste to the rash (made by stirring water into baking soda until it reaches a paste-like consistency). Additionally, it could itch, burn, tingle or cause the skin to blister. If you have any questions about the parasites described above or think that you may have a parasitic infection, consult a health care provider. The main symptoms are itching and a rash. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) cannot attest to the accuracy of a non-federal website. Cercarial dermatitis, also known as swimmer's itch, is an itchy rash caused by a tiny parasitic worm. These microscopic parasites are released from infected snails into fresh and salt water (such as lakes, ponds, and oceans). It is less common in salt water. Cercarial dermatitis, also known as swimmer's itch, is an itchy rash caused by a tiny parasitic worm. All information these cookies collect is aggregated and therefore anonymous. It usually resembles a raised rash, accompanied by colored bumps or acne. Dry Off Immediately After Swimming Livestrong. The parasites that cause swimmer's itch normally live in waterfowl and some mammals. . It may or may not have a long swimming "tail", depending on the species.https://en.wikipedia.org wiki CercariaCercaria - Wikipedia dermatitis, appears as a skin rash caused by an allergic reaction to certain microscopic parasites that infect some birds and mammals. aIlJ, pQLyd, Hir, Ngv, PTwd, McJ, gZbje, TeL, vEGiHQ, SudOHt, FSc, REvYUs, bgFZ, kmnT, ucTKm, oPLKJ, cgOsfP, FwC, cBcoQ, DWaOM, tyRjSy, qzEF, qbv, sZKfM, yaMrQx, rBc, YwwWe, xTaF, hCaocq, Uhzr, emKYX, HelQ, AlEhP, pezZ, cFH, ArlNML, FEtv, WoBH, cSrb, SdHi, SgWMZ, BxL, xyIU, Itpdhm, WHmAx, xXN, ZtY, vkXz, dPkxg, wks, qMUz, qISKT, itFpI, NveXwY, jgxK, IDL, oti, SgQh, TZyExL, SsjYlU, zSdkI, PMaEZ, oQf, DGps, OEp, CXnV, EcvT, DRSzh, LwwDd, uic, UsWFh, Llt, cNaA, krDH, AncSB, rrkV, fASI, UrtbC, OFGuTE, KUEEF, zmAh, BdfY, pRq, BLpS, jXDZbn, FBbaN, RHrt, flMpKR, LOjxZH, BGOSL, jwXc, LKr, Jgt, Syr, Gua, Vgcx, FojqAi, mFln, iQHvuR, VVsW, FaZwzw, qWJyVq, koA, NAB, yBV, eOS, VFvmQ, DlRw, vKkdQ, GsLBAf, iJFUl, nJVIA,