Pushing the lever releases one food pellet each time it is pressed in this experiment. We would continue to reinforce behaviors that led to the terminal behavior. So, what happens when you go to Grandma's house? flashcard set, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Initiate and sustain reciprocal peer interactions. Continuous Reinforcement Schedule & Examples | What is Continuous Reinforcement? BIPs, which are also called positive intervention plans, are customized to the needs, abilities, and skills of the child: Teachers understand the importance of setting classroom rules and expectations. The box is designed to release a food pellet for each lever push. Though the classroom rules were made clear to him, Joey enjoyed breaking them daily. c) Students' intrinsic motivation to learn school subject matter tends to decrease as they get older. One day, during a class discussion, Sam raised his hand to say something to the class. ILTS Social Science - Psychology (248): Test Practice and Study Guide, CLEP Introductory Psychology Exam: Study Guide & Test Prep, Introduction to Psychology: Certificate Program, Human Growth and Development: Certificate Program, Human Growth and Development: Help and Review, Social Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Research Methods in Psychology: Help and Review, Introduction to Psychology: Homework Help Resource, Abnormal Psychology: Homework Help Resource, UExcel Life Span Developmental Psychology: Study Guide & Test Prep, High School Psychology: Homeschool Curriculum, Create an account to start this course today. If so, explain how. Any time a systematic process of teaching a desired behavior that is not likely to occur naturally is induced through a reinforcement or reward, shaping is being used. Keep in mind, psychology is interested in both animals and people, and as research shows, this process works for both. At this step, only the rat placing its feet onto the lever will be rewarded, making this behavior more likely to happen again. This is a simpler display of reinforcement in which you recognize out loud when a student is doing the right thing. The Gestalt principles of perceptual organization, including the Law of Similarity, exist as a set of heuristics or mental shortcuts. Read about shaping operant conditioning, shaping behavior and the shaping process. Another form positive reinforcement can take is through verbal praise. Stimulus Generalization and Classical Conditioning. However, if you consistently use positive reinforcement, you should not have to use any of the consequences mentioned. Remove distractions from the home learning environment, keep all required materials well organized, and set a schedule that matches the childs learning style (including breaking assignments into small chunks). This known as shaping and is a form of behavioral modification frequently used to teach both animals and children. One evening while she is driving to the mall with a friend, she is pulled over and issued a ticket. The behaviors that an intervention plan addresses may include some of the following: To manage their classrooms, many teachers tend to focus on problem behaviors. Continuous Reinforcement Schedule & Examples | What is Continuous Reinforcement? The desired behavior must be clearly defined. In practice, shaping takes place in all forms of behavioral training, but can be most easily observed with pets. These include money, good grades in school, tokens, stars and stickers and praise. Then, you might reward it when it lies down. Perceptual Organization Overview & Examples | What is Perceptual Organization? Stimulus generalization occurs in both classical conditioning and operant conditioning situations. The desired outcome was that of a swiping of a wooden ball by the beak of the bird so the ball was sent down a miniature alley toward a set of toy pins. - Definition & Techniques, Psychosocial Interventions for Schizophrenia, Conducting a Sexual History of a Client in Social Work, Designing & Managing the 21st Century Classroom, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community, Discuss how stimulus generalization functions in classical and operant conditioning, Recall why stimulus generalization is important. The work of applied behavior analysts helps educators, families, and communities ensure that all children receive the assistance they need to achieve their academic and social goals. Most human reinforcers are secondary. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Law of Similarity is one of several perceptual phenomena studied by Gestalt Psychology. Other Gestalt principles further describe some of these automatic processes. Stimulus generalization occurs when similar stimuli prompt similar responses. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. He knows he will have to work hard and do the right thing in order to achieve this. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 For example: Conversely, with positive punishment, something undesirable is added when an unwantedbehavior has occurred. copyright 2003-2022 Study.com. Extinction in Classical Conditioning | What is Extinction in Psychology? Figure-Ground Perception Relationship & Examples | What is Figure-Ground Perception? - Definition & Types, Interpersonal Therapy: Techniques & Definition, Cognitive Restructuring: Techniques, Definition & Examples, What is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy? Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens are all examples of negative punishment. 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For this reason, negative punishment is often referred to as "punishment by removal.". All of the reinforcers can be taken away When combined with punishment or reinforcement of an alternative behavior This is why the extinction of the child's behavior worked well. Secondary Reinforcers, Token Economy in the Classroom | System, Criticisms & Examples, Stimulus Generalization in Operant Conditioning | Stimulus Generalization Examples. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? The right plan will be something the student looks forward to rather than something seen as a chore or an embarrassment. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Many may have led classes where students are engaged, motivated, and excited to learn, but have also led classes where students are distracted, disinterested, and reluctant to engageand, probably, have led classes that are a mix. Sitting on command is not a natural act for any animal until this targeted behavior has been learned and reinforced. Secondary Reinforcers, Sensory Memory | Overview, Examples & Types. It examines behaviors based on the relationship between antecedents and consequences: For Tier 1 and Tier 2 students, the support strategy can be integrated with standard instruction and may require occasional instruction in small group settings. To do either of these by verbal command, the animal must learn the word sit means sit down. Chris is an educator with a background in psychology and counseling. Can you identify examples of negative punishment? What is Positive Punishment? These Laws have been identified by research beginning in the 1930s collectively known as the Gestalt Principles. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Parents are encouraged to teach children many different words they can use to express their emotions and feelings. Writing a sentence comprised of letters and words is also not a natural act, and is taught through the process of shaping. Explore the definition and examples of the shaping process and learn how teachers can apply it to improve student behavior in the classroom. 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Explore the definition of stimulus generalization, real world examples of classical and operant conditioning, and why stimulus generalization is helpful. The more pairings, the stronger the association, and so long as the reinforcement is reasonably anticipated, the behavior will continue. While punishments and consequences should be made known to your students, they will need to used less often if you are implementing positive reinforcement effectively. Reinforce the response that resembles the terminal behavior even more closely. Prizes can be associated with the behavior chart, also. Variable Interval & the Schedule of Reinforcement | Examples & Overview, Fixed Interval Reinforcement | Schedule & Examples. Primary Reinforcer Concept & Examples | What is a Primary Reinforcer? Educators and analysts can help parents spot the signs of behavior problems in their children by encouraging parents to perceive situations from the childs perspective. By clicking Accept All Cookies, you agree to the storing of cookies on your device to enhance site navigation, analyze site usage, and assist in our marketing efforts. See a shaping psychology example. | 13 We will use the fear of snakes to illustrate how stimulus generalization works in classical conditioning. Extinction Burst Examples in Psychology | What is an Extinction Burst? A mental health professional is a health care practitioner or social and human services provider who offers services for the purpose of improving an individual's mental health or to treat mental disorders.This broad category was developed as a name for community personnel who worked in the new community mental health agencies begun in the 1970s to assist individuals moving The image on the retina of the eye and information presented to the brain does not change. Reduce problem behaviors that interfere with learning. One of psychology's most infamous studies was carried out by John B. Watson and his colleague Rosalie Rayner (Watson and Rayner, 1920). Establishing arrival and dismissal procedures, Providing options to occupy students when they finish an assignment. Its like a teacher waved a magic wand and did the work for me. When using operant conditioning in your classroom, it is important to understand the differences between positive reinforcement and punishment. Prop 30 is supported by a coalition including CalFire Firefighters, the American Lung Association, environmental organizations, electrical workers and businesses that want to improve Californias air quality by fighting and preventing wildfires and reducing air pollution from vehicles. Early intervention is key to successfully reducing such behavior problems. J Appl Behav Anal. Shaping is part of operant conditioning learning theory and is based on the association of a voluntary behavior being paired with a reinforcing stimulus. Operant conditioning is a way of learning through reinforcers that result from our actions. An error occurred trying to load this video. Over time, the rewards encourage repetition of the goal behavior or skill, and it becomes a meaningful behavior change. Shaping can generate complex behaviors that have almost a zero probability of occurring naturally in the final form. I feel like its a lifeline. Fostering student motivation is a difficult but necessary aspect of teaching that instructors must consider. Effects of delayed time-out on problem behavior of preschool children. Shaping also focuses the student's attention on positive behavior, and it allows for opportunities for positive interaction between the student and the teacher. Classroom Integration. For example, a child learns to pull itself up, to stand, to walk and to finally move about through reinforcement of slightly exceptional instances of behaviors. Include in the plan graphics or other elements that represent the students interests, such as favorite movie or cartoon characters and other items that the student will respond favorably to. In successive grades, the children are reinforced for neater letters, and eventually only reinforced for writing letters that are very neat and in between small lines. Fact checkers review articles for factual accuracy, relevance, and timeliness. Extinction in Classical Conditioning | What is Extinction in Psychology? He has been teaching for the psychology department at the University of Winnipeg for the last 20 years. For each action closer to the desired outcome, a reinforcement or reward is provided until the target behavior is achieved. What would not be perceived is a table full of 52 individual pieces of oddly colored paper. An ABC assessment is used to help intervention teams understand why certain behaviors occur and which consequences are likely to affect whether the behaviors will be repeated. In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individual's undesirable behavior. What Are Some Examples of Positive Behavior Supports in the Classroom? The goal of the MTSS process is to provide every student with early access to individualized academic and behavior interventions based on the students specific needs. In steps, behaviors that more closely resemble the targeted behavior are rewarded successively, until only the final desired behavior is reinforced. The expectations must be appropriate to the grade level and abilities of students. 11 chapters | Example of Posted Morning Routine with Images. Generalized Conditioned Reinforcer. - Definition, Eligibility & Coverage, What Is Medication Reconciliation? Continuous Reinforcement Schedule & Examples | What is Continuous Reinforcement? Negative reinforcers involve the removal of an unfavorable events or outcomes after the display of a behavior. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you The team often works directly with individual students who have disabilities, emotional or behavioral disorders, or no diagnostic label. In work with children, complex behaviors can be effectively taught by breaking down the behavior desired into a series of steps. This is directly from shaping and behavior modification research conducted by B.F. Skinner using a Skinner Box. If, for example, a student is sitting at his or her desk working hard while other students in the classroom are talking or goofing off, you should call attention to the student doing the right thing. Conditional Probability | Calculation, Purpose & Examples. Reinforcer Types, Uses & Examples | What is a Negative or Positive Reinforcer? Clearly defining the desired behavior to be learned. While expectations are global qualities you expect students and staff to maintain, rules are concrete and observable actions. 235 Wellesley Street, Weston MA 02493 | 781.768.7000 | 2022, Health Policy and Management Concentration, Online Master of Science in Applied Behavior Analysis, Online Master of Science in Nursing Overview, Online Pediatric Nurse Practitioner (PNP), Online Psychiatric Mental Health Nurse Practitioner (PMHNP), Online Womens Health Nurse Practitioner (WHNP), Online Adult Gerontology Primary Care Nurse Practitioner (AGPCNP), Online Adult Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner (AGACNP), Online Professional Certificate in Nursing Leadership, Master of Science in Applied Behavior Analysis. Children are taught many tasks in the same way. Make sure that students know when its time for them to give the teacher their full attention. Learning this pairing is accomplished by the process of successive approximation. food. If there is a progression of steps, or successive approximations, toward the target behavior with rewards at each step, this is the shaping process. When using operant conditioning in your classroom, it is important to understand the differences between positive reinforcement and punishment. Have you ever tried to teach a dog to roll over? The behavior of getting closer to the lever has been reinforced. Positive reinforcement is used to increase the likelihood of a desirable behavior. However, there are some extreme cases where the negative behavior will need to be directly addressed. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. It is a method of producing a desired behavior that would not naturally occur. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. In the box, a lever and a food tray are both located at one end. 2. - Definition & Examples, What is Extinction in Conditioning? Video Prompts. Secondary reinforcement is a powerful tool for behavior modification in children. This can take multiple days to shape. Michael obtained his PhD from the University of Manitoba in Psychology. Ensuring effective social and emotional functioning requires positive behavioral supports to increase academic engagement, minimize problem behaviors, and improve academic outcomes. Slocum SK, Vollmer TR, Donaldson JM. A child who struggles in school may require an individualized education program (IEP) that describes the goals that a team of educators have established for the child during a school year. Punishment | Overview, Differences & Experiments, Connectionism Laws, Philosophy & Impact | Edward Thorndike's Theory. - Definition & Process, Parliamentary Sovereignty: Features & Example, Proletarian Internationalism: Definition & Principle, Largest Revenue Sources for the Federal Government, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. On the "sit" command, the dog will sit and continue to produce this behavior when asked so long as reinforcement is provided occasionally. Several of these prizes were very colorful erasers. Two months after testing Albert's unconditioned reactions to various stimuli, Watson and Rayner attempted to condition him to fear a white rat. Learning theories develop hypotheses that describe how this process takes place. In a more dramatic example, Figure 2. provides a geometric pattern that again differs in colors. A behavior chart should include every student's name and places for them to put stickers whenever they are 'caught doing good' or are found to be following the rules. Can you identify examples of negative punishment? The goal is to increase acceptable behaviors and decrease misbehavior. In the classroom, positive reinforcement is going to be your primary way of managing student behavior. Below are some sample seating arrangements: Students in rows face front of classroom (door is in back of room) Door 1. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you When a long period elapses between the behavior and the reinforcer, the response is likely to be weaker. Classroom learning : A variable-ratio schedule can be used in the classroom to help students learn. Joey would call out during class discussions, get out of his seat and walk around the classroom, and touch his friends after being asked not to. Fixed Ratio Schedule Examples | What is Fixed Ratio Reinforcement? 3. Try to do the following, once you've finished this lesson: To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. The Tier 2 team identifies students who are at risk of developing more serious behavior and academic problems. Stimulus generalization is when stimuli elicit similar responses to previously conditioned stimuli that share certain qualities. If size differed, the brain would group them by size. Variable Ratio Schedule Examples | What is a Variable Ratio Reinforcement? After initial reinforcement for contact, we would withhold the reinforcement until the pigeon sideswipes the ball with its beak. Gestalt Concept, Principles & Six Laws | What is Gestalt? The role of behavior analysts in such team settings entails several activities: The researchers emphasize the importance of collaborative working relationships to the long-term success of positive behavioral interventions. 2019;52(4):994-1004. doi:10.1002/jaba.640. Identify the student's current performance of behavior level. 121 lessons An example of shaping a behavior is training a dog to lie down. Assign tasks that require the active participation of the students. In the Law of Similarity, sensory information is grouped by like characteristics. Continue reinforcing closer and closer approximations to the terminal behavior. Reinforce any response that in some way resembles the terminal behavior. Examples of Classroom Routines. Mrs. Smith had turned Joey into a model student. Reinforcement vs. In short, operant conditioning is a way of learning through reinforcers that result from our actions. succeed. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. I feel like its a lifeline. - Treatment, Symptoms & Interventions, PTSD Assessment: Tools, Questionnaire & Scale, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. If an emotion such as fear could be learned, it would go far in advancing the view that behaviour is learned via environmental experiences. Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author and educational consultant focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn more about how the Regis College online Master of Science in Applied Behavior Analysis program helps students pursue their professional goals. | 1 The curricula and assignments can be modified in many ways to promote positive behaviors in students: Before teachers can set expectations for students, they must have a plan for operating the classroom. Observational Learning Examples | What is Observational Learning? In addition to requiring drastic changes in childrens daily routines, the pandemic creates anxiety and uncertainty that can discourage positive behaviors. | 9 An error occurred trying to load this video. Flooding Therapy Overview & Technique | What is Flooding in Psychology? Eventually, the sound of the clicker alone begins to work as a reinforcer. You can see some changes in your students by applying the principles of operant conditioning and positive reinforcement in your classroom. Secondary Reinforcers. 3. What Is a Behavior Intervention Plan, and Why Is It Important in ABA Therapy? Gestalt's Law of Proximity: Overview & Examples | Laws of Perceptual Organization. The team participates in group interventions in which 10 or more students typically participate. Shaping also differs from other behavioral modifications such as problem-solving situations like puzzles and mazes. Adjust the childs IEP and BIP to the home learning environment, and encourage parents and guardians to promote replacement behaviors and self-regulation skills. Try refreshing the page, or contact customer support. Enrolling in a course lets you earn progress by passing quizzes and exams. Achieving this goal requires strong leadership and collaboration among educators and behavior interventionists as part of teams that include principals, classroom teachers, school psychologists, social workers, and guidance counselors. To unlock this lesson you must be a Study.com Member. Divide difficult assignments into several parts. Once the desired behavior has been clearly defined, and an appropriate reinforcement chosen, the process of shaping can begin. Create your account. Instruction may take place one-to-one or in groups using techniques like positive reinforcement to encourage appropriate behaviors in various settings. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. Walking doesn't necessarily come naturally to a child, but through subtle reinforcements of being able to reach a toy or move more independently, the child's behavior is shaped. Extinction Burst Examples in Psychology | What is an Extinction Burst? I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. - Definition & Types, Interpersonal Therapy: Techniques & Definition, Cognitive Restructuring: Techniques, Definition & Examples, What is Solution-Focused Brief Therapy? 14 chapters | Requires students to: Learn by the limited examples provided in the textbook; Identify key ideas; Be physically or cognitively able to take notes; Provide multiple examples of important concepts or objects (e.g., burial tombs and the afterlife). Provide highly motivating reinforcers, such as items or rewards that would motivate the student, for appropriate behaviors to encourage participation. When the students sit quietly, a reinforcement can be provided when all students are finished. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you Sensation and Perception: Help and Review, {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}}, Motion Parallax in Psychology: Definition & Explanation, Psychological Research & Experimental Design, All Teacher Certification Test Prep Courses, History and Approaches in Psychology: Help and Review, Biological Bases of Behavior: Help and Review, What is Depth Perception? He called stimuli with this effect the "reinforcers". Shaping at this point is complete. Variable Interval & the Schedule of Reinforcement | Examples & Overview. The Law of Similarity is one example of a series of perceptual heuristics where the brain puts together the experience of the world in a way it is expecting. Punishment in Psychology: Overview & Examples | What is Punishment in Psychology? | {{course.flashcardSetCount}} That process involved carefully designed series of discriminative stimuli and reinforcements for subtle changes in response referred to as a program. Shaping in psychology is defined as a method of increasing a targeted behavior through reinforcement in a process of successive approximation. flashcard sets, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | Updated: 08/27/2021 Create an account Negative punishment is an important concept in B. F. Skinner's theory of operant conditioning. They are alike in all respects, such as size, shape, and spacing, except they differ in color. Get unlimited access to over 84,000 lessons. - Benefits, Theory & Definition, Socioeconomic Status & Education: Statistics & Impact. - Symptoms & Treatment, Fatty-Acid Oxidation Disorder: Symptoms, Treatment & Prognosis, Working Scholars Bringing Tuition-Free College to the Community. Spontaneous Recovery in Psychology Example | What is Spontaneous Recovery? He also holds a PhD in public affairs, and has worked as a counselor and teacher for community college students for more than 10 years. 5. In addition to avoiding tasks, other negative reinforcers are avoiding stimulation or avoiding attention. Example 2: Sharing. Five days later, Albert was presented again with the rat, but also a set of familiar wooden blocks, a rabbit, a short-haired dog, a sealskin coat, a package of white cotton, and a bearded Santa Claus mask. Positive reinforcement in the classroom can come in many forms. succeed. - Definition & Shortage, What Is Medicare? flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? 529 lessons, {{courseNav.course.topics.length}} chapters | - Definition & Examples, What Is School Phobia? Here are some resources for developing and implementing PBIS strategies: The tiered nature of positive behavior intervention and support strategies is designed to accommodate the education and social needs of all students in school and at home. To use silent signals, teachers should meet with the student individually to explain their tacit communication methods, allow the student to decide the methods whenever possible, set a cue for the student to use when wanting to participate, and use as many positive and encouraging signals as negative ones. 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Losing access to a toy, being grounded, and losing reward tokens are all examples of negative punishment. Biological Limits on Conditioning: Taste Aversion, the Garcia Effect & Instincts, Conditioned Reinforcement: Definition & Explanation. The thought of such a thing elicits a strong fear response, including increased heart rate, pupil dilation, and anxiety, which quickly becomes associated with the snake. An error occurred trying to load this video. Finally, you reward the dog only when it performs the motion of rolling all the way over. This process is primarily unconscious but necessary for efficient interaction with the environment. | Positive Punishment: Examples, Using Cognitive Development Psychology in the Classroom, Applying the Premack Principle in the Classroom, Classical vs. Operant Conditioning | Classical & Operant Conditioning: Examples, What is Classical Conditioning? This interference causes the image's perception to shift as the brain assembles the image into one grouping and then a different grouping. At first the dog will lay for only a moment to get the reward. Difficulty managing classroom behavior is a frequently recognized problem for teachers, especially teachers early in their careers. All other trademarks and copyrights are the property of their respective owners. Shorten lessons or change the pace of the instruction. The process is the same. What is a behavior intervention plan? The goal of intervention strategies is to understand that the problem behaviors are a means of communicating and to respond with compassion. After two children get into a fight over who gets to play with a new toy, the mother simply takes the toy away from both children. What degree program are you most interested in? Operant Conditioning Theory & Examples | What is Operant Conditioning? In each case, something good is being taken away as a result of the individual's undesirable behavior. 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The expectations communicate to students how theyre required to act toward other students and school staff. Educating the Whole Child: Approach & Examples, What Is Lifelong Learning? Dr. Linder has taught undergraduate Psychology courses for the past 15 years both in person and online formats along with hybrid courses. However, she drives at night several times a week without facing any consequences. Objects closer to the observer are in the foreground. As mentioned, you will be primarily using positive reinforcement in your classroom. Now, the rat's own actions are triggering the reinforcement through the targeted behavior. Skinner felt shaping was effective because it is sensitive to the continuous nature of a complex act and it illustrates the utility of constructing complex behavior by the continual process of differential reinforcement. Classroom routines describe the procedures for many common activities: The use of silent signals to discourage problem behaviors in the classroom provides many benefits: Examples of silent signals include returning the students attention to the current activity or assignment, redirecting misbehavior, helping students who struggle to talk in front of the class, encouraging reluctant students to participate, and praising students when they behave well or succeed at a task. Log in or sign up to add this lesson to a Custom Course. This is a shaped, learned, behavior. Rea C, Hockenbury DH. The Skinner box limits distractions for the rat when the door is closed. From these initial studies, he also showed the same patterns apply to learning with people. Study Guide to Accompany Discovering Psychology, Sixth Edition. Negative punishment is most effective when: Consider this example: a teenage girl has a driver's license, but it does not allow her to drive at night. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons lessons in math, English, science, history, and more. The Texas Education Agency provides a checklist that parents and educators can use to support challenging behaviors at home: A positive behavior intervention system integrates data, support systems, and intervention practices with the goal of improving social and academic outcomes for individuals with behavior issues. Albert seemed to show a fear response to the rat, the rabbit, the dog, and the sealskin coat. Identify a desired behavior and a final goal for a student. I would definitely recommend Study.com to my colleagues. The four types of reinforcers are: Natural reinforcers: reinforcers that occur directly as a result of the behavior (e.g., a student studies hard and does well on her exams, resulting in good grades). A curriculum framework that supports blended practices combines data-driven decision making; professional development; and a leadership plan involving teachers, children, and families. This is important because it eliminates the need to re-learn every time we have a new experience. The Office of Special Education Programs (OSEP) Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports (PBIS) describes the three-tiered evidence-based framework designed to ensure the social and academic success of all students: All three tiers combine three components to achieve their desired outcomes: Just as IEPs are geared to individual students, the multi-tiered system of supports (MTSS) involves the entire school community in improving behavioral and academic outcomes. 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