Muslims fast during Ramadan, the ninth month of the Islamic lunar calendar, by refraining from eating, drinking and sexual interaction from dawn to sunset. Many people think since they are punished for their crimes or wrong doings or even mischief, there is no way they would be punished later. [] Soviet spymasters: The limits of democracy and Nav [] CPECs Early Harvest scheme, energy projects are [] the US efforts over the past 1,5 year were even ma [] over the past year and a half have been even marke Nasal #COVID19 vaccines help the body prepare for infection right where it starts in your nose and throat https://t.co/2kQfMcvbtQ, Kims strategic patience and Xis security trap https://t.co/2pplUCKmc7 via @foreignpolicyns, Dr. Abdul Ruff is an independent analyst; columnist contributing articles to many newspapers and journals on world politics; expert on Mideast affairs, chronicler of foreign occupations & freedom movements (Palestine, Kashmir, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, Xinjiang, Chechnya, etc. The mosque played a major part in the spread of education in the Muslim World, and the association of the mosque with education remained one of its main characteristics throughout history , and, the school became an indispensable appendage to the mosque. It has been a place of prayer, a centre of political and social activities, an educational institution, and the focal point of communal life. Between the 9th and 15th centuries, Islam reached the Iberian Peninsula, parts of Africa, regions of India, and lands as distant as Indonesia and China. King Hassan II, whom the mosque was named for, commissioned the place of worship in honor of the late King Mohammed V. Hassan II said of the mosque, I want to build this mosque on the water because Gods throne is on the water. . Hindu Rituals Celebrations & Festivals | What are Hindu Rituals? The architecture recalled its complicated history with influences coming from Roman architecture, Visigothic design (from the earlier church), and of course Umayyad principles. Allah is believed to be the creator of everything, and he has 99 names that describe his attributes. It also acts as a place for studying Quran and Islamic teachings. Praxis World & U.S. History - Content Knowledge (5941): Practice & Study Guide, DSST Western Europe Since 1945: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Europe Since 1945: Certificate Program, CLEP Western Civilization II: Study Guide & Test Prep, Western Civilization From 1648 to Today: Certificate Program, Western Civilization Since 1648: Homework Help Resource, History 100: Western Civilization from Prehistory to Post-WWII, Create an account to start this course today. These are just some of the basic characteristics of a mosque, but many more elements can be found throughout these holy structures and these may vary depending on location and architectural influence. In these mosques, not only prayers took place, but it was a school of knowledge where companions used to study the Quran and ask questions. (This government district sits just 25 miles from Kuala Lumpur.). Foreign Policy News is a self-financed initiative providing a venue and forum for political analysts and experts to disseminate analysis of major political and business-related events in the world, shed light on particulars of U.S. foreign policy from the perspective of foreign media and present alternative overview on current events affecting the international relations. The mosque was transformed back to a Catholic church when it was conquered by King Ferdinand III in 1236. The Quran, the only divine book to remain intact in its original text, upholds the pure teachings of previous revelations. Hagia Sophia Features & Significance | What is the Hagia Sophia? For Islam, it is the mosque. The direction of prayers is known as qibla. Hence, having a moral compass alone does not enable one to internalize righteousness or bring one closer to God. The word evolved from the Arabic term masjid, which means "place of prostration." During prayer, Muslims briefly kneel and touch their foreheads to the ground as a sign of submission (literally, Islam) to the will of God. As a member, you'll also get unlimited access to over 84,000 It has been modified and extended several times under the reign of various Muslims rulers. Historical mosques offer all of this and more. The Umayyad Mosque in Damascus was one of the first ancient structures designed in Islamic architecture. The shrine features a large dome that crowns an octagonal prayer hall. All rights reserved. Under King Fahds reign, the mosque was greatly expanded, allowing it to accommodate a large number of worshippers and pilgrims while also introducing modern conveniences such as air conditioning. Whether asking for guidance, seeking solace or beseeching God for forgiveness, Muslims reach out to God at any time, without an intermediary. The most important Islamic practices are the Five Pillars of Islam. This shaded area with palm branches was facing the direction of prayer. In modern times, migration processes have led to the development of Islamic communities in many countries, so mosques have been built all around the world. Mosques are the heart of Islamic life, instilling Islamic ideals in Muslims who learn to embody Islamic cultural and religious principles and live as true Muslims. This pamphlet discusses the balance Islam encourages between our spiritual and worldly endeavors, while also explaining core rites Muslims perform to worship God. The city contains the Cave of Hira, where it is believed by Muslims that Muhammad received new revelation from Allah. Masjid an-Nabawi is a mosque established and built by the Islamic prophet Muhammad, situated in the city of Medina in the Hejaz region of Saudi Arabia. The church was converted to a mosque when the Arabs occupied the city in the following century, but the temple remained intact. flashcard set{{course.flashcardSetCoun > 1 ? Located in the deeply religious and contested city of ancient Jerusalem, Al Aqsa Mosque remains one of Palestine's . Justinian I imported exotic materials like verde antico, which created incredible green columns imported from Greece. It was made of mud bricks, and it had a large courtyard with an area shaded with palm branches and was supported on columns. When someone keeps this comprehensive approach in mind, they naturally steer clear of cheating, lying and exploiting others. Islam emerged in the 7th century in Hijaz, the western Arabian Peninsula region. Once established, mosques developed into well-known places of learning, often with hundreds, even thousands, of students, and frequently contained important libraries. Why is the mosque important? It is the single most important reference for all matters of faith, social practice, the contemplation of law and the understanding of the Divine. In Islam, a prophet means Allah's (God's) messenger. Therefore, worship strengthens our relationship with the Creator instilling a sense of gratefulness for the countless favors we enjoy as His creation as well as enabling us to develop values such as patience, perseverance and resilience when faced with trials and tragedies. The Quran is also recited during every prayer. The mosque also holds special importance to Shia Muslims since it contains shrines commemorating Husayn ibn Ali and the Ahl al-Bayt, made to walk there from Iraq, after the Battle of Karbala. Jerusalem's al-Aqsa Mosque is the third-holiest site in Islam, drawing tens of thousands of pilgrims from across Palestine and the wider Muslim world each year. It is not the most famous pink mosque in the world, but it is a great example of a blend of Malay and Middle Eastern design styles. It was one of the first mosques built. The Tableage organizations functioning across the world to impart Islamic education, prayers, explain the Holy Quran and Prophets life and teachings, etc, but usually take away people to another place, preferably another town for 40 days, or 4 months or six months or 4 one year, etc as per the convenience of the interested Muslims. Unless worship in other religions, Islamic payers are performed in a systematic manner and different methods some Muslims use are their own and they are accountable for any imperfection caused to the prayers. Answer (1 of 4): What is the role of the mosque in Islam? What is a role of a mosque? The Dome of the Rock, or Qubbat al-Sakhra, is a sacred structure built around the Foundation Stone, where Judaism believes is the site of the worlds creation and where Islam believes is the site where Muhammad began his Night Journey or ascent to heaven. He studied under Mimar Sinan, the master architect for sultan Suleiman the Magnificant and others, and adopted his masters stance of using intricate details to create an overwhelmingly glorious interior. Worshippers always take off their shoes before entering Islam place of worship. Most religions have places for their worships, in religionIslam, there is a Mosque for worship. Building a mosque is a prophetic and Islamic tradition of Muslim Communities. It is a testament to the continuity of Gods message from the beginning of human history, guiding people to achieve their fundamental purpose in life. The Arabic word masjid means "a place of prostration" to God, and the same word is used in Persian, Urdu, and Turkish. Even frauds, criminals, and crooks pretend to be praying in mosques, in fact more obediently than others do both in Jamaat and on their own. Why mosques areRead More The mosque's essential role is to provide a gathering place for Muslims to worship. The Five Pillars of Islam are an important part of Muslim life. It is in the shape of an octagon in plan and is completed with a central dome on a tall drumthe vertical walls that elevate a dome. For instance, at the peak of communist rule in Russia, there were only 400 mosques left in the whole of the USSR while during the revolution in 1914, there were 24, 000. Mosques are the heart of the Islamic community. As well as the verses of the Quran and the sayings of the Prophet which urged people to learn and seek knowledge, the mosque, the concrete symbol of Islam, was the most important centre of learning in the Muslim world. Since the Hindutva forces, backed by the Congress government, pulled down the Islamic Babri Mosque on fake pretext, the many state governments ruled by Hindus, their police and military media and even courts backed the anti-Islamic conspiracy against an innocent Mosque. document.getElementById( "ak_js_1" ).setAttribute( "value", ( new Date() ).getTime() ); I heard the Prophet (p.b.u.h) delivering a Khutba saying, The first thing to be done on this day (first day of, From: Sahih Bukhari. Covered prayer areas surround the massive courtyard on every side for refuge after the pilgrims complete their seven rotations around the Kaaba and visits to other holy sites within the courtyard. The Holy Quran, which literally means the oft-repeated, is, according to Muslim belief, the final revelation of God to humanity. Over the years, subsequent Islamic rulers continued to expand and embellish the mosque. This day Allah Almighty gifted Salah to his last Prophet Hazrat Muhammad (S.A.W.W) and ordered all Muslims to perform Salah. 16. Mosques are also known as Islamic centers, Islamic community centers or Muslim community centers. There are many rules thatworshippersmustobeywhen they are in a mosque. The Arabic term for this house of Muslim worship is "masjid," which literally means "place of prostration" (in prayer). It can be either covered by a roof supported by many columns or covered by a large dome. {{courseNav.course.mDynamicIntFields.lessonCount}} lessons As a result, it helps us achieve humility, recognizing God as the Originator and Sustainer of the universe and surrendering to Him in worship. The minaret is a tall tower, commonly located in a corner of the mosque. One must witness their belief in one God (Allah), and Muhammed is His Prophet. Plus, get practice tests, quizzes, and personalized coaching to help you They also provide us with the criterion which enables us to assess our own motives and deeds. It was primarily a place of worship for Muslims. We all should try to offer prayers with the congregation in mosques for getting greater rewards in the best manner. In fact, Muslims believe that it is the only sin that God does not forgive if a person dies before repenting from it. Many Muslims congregate at mosques for prayer while others choose to pray at home, work or wherever they may be. [34] Hebron [ edit] Ibrahimi Mosque in Hebron It is also a direct link to Islam's beloved prophet, Muhammad, the man who both received as well as first disseminated the holy message of the text. Al Aqsa Mosque (Palestine) At the 2 nd spot on our list of top 5 most holy places of Islam, we would bring out with the name of Al Aqsa Mosque. The dome is covered in mosaics that vary in age as a result of many renovations. Arches are constructive elements often found in mosques. It consists of a courtyard enclosed by galleries and a large covered hall. While God has inspired an intuitive moral sense in every individual, people do not always act in a just and ethical manner. Islam, major world religion promulgated by the Prophet Muhammad in Arabia in the 7th century ce. Mosques are very important for Islam and are used for prayers, religious events, and community services. The Great Mosque This mosque is also known as al-Masjid al-Haram, and it is the largest mosque in the world. 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There are washing areas where they can make wudu before entering the prayer hall. During Prophets time, both men and women were partners in society, especially within the mosques institution. This is where the. It consists of the actual platform and a ladder to access it. . When Muslims make mosques the centre of their life activities the quality of their life would change drastically for the better and much better. It's an exquisite example of Islamic ornamentation, with most of the interior walls delicately decorated with arabesques and geometric patterns. This includes providing the poor with shelter and food. Arches can either be pointed or horseshoe-shaped. Can the United States legally justify an attack against Iran? There is usually an area in the mosque where visitors wash and remove their shoes before entering the prayer room. Over the course of centuries, many renovations and expansions were carried out in the mosque, including an adjustment to better allow worshippers to face Mecca. The first pillar is witnessing, also known as the shahada. According to history, seven trips to Kairouan are equivalent to one hajj to Makkah. Al Aqsa Mosque, Jerusalem, Palestine. 'Masjid,' or mosque, literally means 'a place for self-prostration,' that is, a place for-mally designated for the saying of prayers. Left to Right: Saint Petersburg Mosque, Sheikh Zayed Grand Mosque, Dome of the Rock, Hagia Sophia, Hassan II Mosque, Putra Mosque, Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or the Blue Mosque, and the Great Mosque of Mecca. Anyone who has shed the blood of a man is doomed to be burnt in the fires of hell all eternity. The cave below, which resembles painted tents, is the location that both Jews and Muslims believe Abraham chose as his familys final resting place. It can also be defined as the Islam building of worship. The mosque itself is the 8th largest building in the world and is even part of the same complex as the third tallest building in the world, the Abraj Al-Bait Clock Tower. Built in the 17th century, the Great Mosque of Isfahan in Iran was originally the royal family's mosque. This is Islamic compassion. It was constructed next to the house where the Prophet stayed after he migrated to Medina. Therefore, the concept of worship in Islam encourages people to connect with God in every action they take, strengthening their bond with their Creator. Most Muslims prefer prayers in Jamaat and avoid individual prayers for fear of using faulty sayings and in wrong ways. Muslims supplicate to and address God directly for their needs and desires anytime and anywhere. The present design with Ka'aba enclosed in the centre of the mosque is based on the rebuilding ordered by Abbasid Caliph Al-Mahdi. The mosque also serves as a symbol . A collective mosque is also referred to as the masjid jami. Others are included because they are designed in an interesting combination of styles with influences coming from Middle Eastern, Asian, European, or other architectural styles. While fasting, Muslims strive to increase charitable acts and control bad habits such foul language, gossip and anger. According to Islamic tradition, when God ordained a place of worship on Earth to represent the house in heaven known as al-Baytul-Mamur means the place where angels worship. Mosque is the places of worship of Allah Almighty alone, free from idolatrous practices, since Islam is a purely monotheistic religion. Subsequently wherever the Muslims have gone, they have built a Mosque for their needs in that community. The mosque is the center for all Islamic activity as it used to be in the mosques of the Prophet in Medina. The prayer hall of Masjid normally does not have anybenchesor chairs. Indian government and then Opposition BJP, seeking to keep Hindus sin good humors, jointly engineered the demolition of historic but defenseless Babri Mosque in 1992 in the broad day light. In addition, fasting plays a role as a purification act and a declaration of ethical awareness. The city was recaptured by Saladinthe first sultan of Egypt and Syria and the leader of the military campaign against the Crusadeand the Dome of the Rock has remained a Muslim place of worship ever since. Also called the Sacred Mosque, Masjid al-arm is the largest mosque in the world and surrounds the Kaaba, Islam's holiest place, where all obligatory daily prayers should be directed. Islamic Art & Architecture: Characteristics & History | What is Islamic Art? Prophet Muhammad constructed it in 622 CE, and it is recorded in the Quran. 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During the Arab attack and siege of Constantinople, Abu Ayub Ansari, a friend of the Prophet who died in battle outside the citys walls while bearing the banner of Islam, is said to be buried here. Basics of Islam Mosques are constructed with the objective of worshipping Allah, and they reflect simplicity and seriousness, tranquility and refinement, and spirituality and peacefulness and symbolize the principle of Tawheed (Oneness of Allah). The mosque in the Islamic religion can serve several purposes. Throughout the history of Islam, the mosque has always played an important social role. There is also a special place on one of the walls that indicates the direction to face while offering prayers known as a mihrab (niche). At the core, is Islamic beliefs and practices. In Islam Salah is considered a second of the five pillars of the religion as daily obligatory standardized prayers, it is as the whole edifice of religion is based on Salah. Certain criteria determine whether an act can be considered worship. Muslims should know that they are bestowed with good favors of God for good things they do or intent and they are denied good things if they commit wrong things, and they are answerable for their mischief. The area around the mosque can also house community schools and centers. In fact, our ability to judge between right and wrong can often be muddled by external influences, outward appearances or ulterior motives. All male Muslims must go to the Mosque on Friday. Some important Islamic holy places include the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, the Al-Aqsa mosque in Jerusalem, and the Prophet Muhammad's mosque in Medina. The structure has been constantly expanded and renovated since it was first erected in the 7th century. Of course, Muslims can pray in mosques five times under the Imam appointed by the Mosque committee as per the time table of each mosque. The floors of such a hall are normally covered with acarpet. Some religious events, festivals, and celebrations such as Ramadan can be conducted in a mosque. Factually the number of Muslims or the number of Mosques could reflect the true parameters in the strength of Islam? In prayers the believers communicate with the Almighty in proper manner. Mosques are the heart of the Islamic life. The Mosque was first constructed by angels before the creation of mankind. Mosques must attract, or at the very least accept, youth and children to encourage them to engage, learn, and appreciate the mosques atmosphere and teach them proper social behavior and reverence for their elders. It is the largest mosque in all of the United Arab Emirates and was commissioned by Sheikh Zayed bin Sultan Al Nahyan to unite the diverse Islamic community with a modern mosque full of beautiful art and architecture. In addition prayers are offered, facing the direction of Mecca. A mosque also has a slender tower known as a minaret, where a person calls people for prayers. The site was split between Christians and Muslims after the Umayyad conquest of Hispaniathe conquest which destroyed the Visigothic Kingdom and brought Muslim influences far into western Europe. [33] Furthermore, it was the place where they were imprisoned for 60 days. However, since Muslims, particularly the youth are not properly taught and trained in Islamic prayers by elders, mosques or by Islamic organizations, they pray as they have learned in their own ways. Muslims must give 2.5% of their annual savings to help the poor, the needy and the oppressed. It is mostly followed in areas of Central Asia, North Africa, and the Middle East, although there are people who follow Islam all over the world. During the Hajj period, the mosque is completely full with devout Muslims on their pilgrimage, as more than two million worshippers gather to pray during Eid. Most of them are simple words or phrases written in Arabic that have deep religious meanings and so Muslims have started using them as symbols. Founded in 670, this ancient Mosque is an architectural time portal that illustrates the mixed influences of pre-Islamic, Roman, and Byzantine architecture. Create your account. Another reason Quba is such an important religious site in Madinah is that it is the first mosque in the history of Islam. MUSLIMS' THREE SACRED MOSQUES All Muslims in the world believe in the existence and oneness of God, in the angels, the Divine books, the prophets and the Hereafter, and all share common values. Before the dome was used as a Muslim place of worship, it was the site of the Jewish Temple of Solomonor the First Temple which was replaced with the Second Temple. The English word "mosque" denotes a Muslim house of worship. Therefore, Islam blurs the line between religious and worldly, because practically any action can become spiritual in nature and is rewarded by God whether it is seeking knowledge or maintaining good neighborly ties. Sultan Ahmed Mosque, or the Blue Mosque, in Istanbul, Turkey (Photo: Stock Photos from muratart/Shutterstock). Some of the features of Muhammads home can still be found in the designs of mosques listed in this article. Celebrating creativity and promoting a positive culture by spotlighting the best sides of humanityfrom the lighthearted and fun to the thought-provoking and enlightening. Muhammad History & Facts | Who Founded Islam? One of the most iconic features of Saint Petersburg Mosque is the bright blue ceramic tiles that adorn the dome and minarets. It consists of an enclosed courtyard, accessible by four large vaulted entrances. However, we must remember that Islam is a religion to be practiced collectively therefore, all good things if they are done together has more of a reward than the same things done alone. The Mosque-Cathedral of Crdoba, or the Great Mosque of Crdoba, is technically no longer a mosque. Mosques are study centres for new comers of the faith to come and learn about the Islamic faith, about the teachings of the Holy Quran, learn how to read it and pronounce . The History of Masjid Quba. Before worshippers enter a mosque, they take off their shoes as a sign of respect. Sermons are significant in bringing the community together as the congregation is standing side by side in a line, facing Mecca, together, all united in their faith and worship of Allah. This holy place is visited by millions of Muslims every single year at the time of Muharram month. 2.Masjid-e-Nabawi The combination of prophetic examples and divine scriptures reinforces our moral inclinations and equips us with the knowledge to discern between right and wrong. Putra Mosque in Putrajaya, Malaysia (Photo: Stock Photos from Artit Wongpradu/Shutterstock), Crystal Mosque in Wan Man, Terengganu, Malaysia (Photo: Stock Photos from zulkamalober/Shutterstock). Some common features of mosques include a central courtyard where worshippers can pray as well as minarets, or tall towers where prayers can be announced. Muslims believe this is the same God Who revealed Himself through earlier prophets and other religions. Both Muslims and Jews revere the site; henceseparate prayer spaces for each. built when he reached Madinah was the mosque. Why mosques are built? The mosque was constructed on the site of a Christian basilica dedicated to John the Baptist, who is revered as a prophet by Christians, after the Muslim conquest of Damascus in 634. From Minbar the imamdelivershis speech. The Kaaba is a cubic structure housing the Black Stone, considered the most sacred relic in Islam. Black stone and Zamzam well are found in this mosque. Mihrabs vary in size and color, but they are usually shaped like a doorway and decorated with mosaic tiles and calligraphy to make space stand out. It appears many Muslims, not taught by the mosques about Islamic prayers in a proper manner, pray as they know and in a deformed manner. Muslims believe in one God and are thus monotheistic. Islam followers are termed as Muslims. The design element most recognizable on the Dome of the Rock is the blue glazed tiles that adorn the upper portion of the octagonal walls of the building. Islam enjoins Muslims to offer five prayers throughout the day at dawn, noon, mid-afternoon, sunset and night. It must be noted here that while Muslims esteem all of the prophets sent by God, including Jesus and Muhammad, they do not worship any of them. Much of the building, including the expansive dome, is made out of pink granite. There are no seats inside a mosque, and the worshippers typically stand, kneel or bow while worshipping. Muslims are the believers who trust God, Holy Quran and Prophet Muhammad (SAS). The Sultan Ahmed Mosque includes six towering minarets, five main domes, and eight smaller domes. It is thought to be the exact spot where the Prophet (saw) was ascended into the heavens on Al-Isra wal-Miraj, a spot located in the heart of Al Aqsa Mosque. A mosque is the building in which Muslims worship God. It is required for all men to attend mosque on Friday for Jumah. 2. It is located in Makkahand surrounds the Kaaba, which is Islams holiest site and to which Muslims from all over the world turn while offering regular prayers. The struggle for peace in Afghanistan: is community engagement the key? Is Beijings grip on Malaysia and the region inevitable? Masjid al Haram means 'The Sancturay'. This is also called Islam's pillars of iman. Indeed, in most Muslim countries, the word Jami means at once both mosque and school. Grand Mosque This mosque, also known as Sheikh Zayed Mosque, has an outstanding architectural design. Islam is based on Quran and Hadith. In fact, the mosque extended to the care of the needy and orphans, and the sick as well as a place for giving Dawa to non Muslims who love Islam. Many verses of the sacred book command this act, for example: Then Say [unto them, O Muhammad]: Can those who know and those who do not know be deemed equal? Much of the building was handmade. Some constructive elements referred to as arches are used for decoration and structural support. The area around the Kaaba Stone in Mecca is often considered the oldest Muslim place of worship, venerated since the 7th century. As a member, you'll join us in our effort to support the arts. 1-Masjid-al Haram Masjid-al Haram, the largest mosque in the world, was built around Ka'aba. Blue Mosque This Mosque is located in Istanbul, and it is also known as the Sultan Ahmed Mosque. A mosque brings the community together as it acts as many things, a social centre, a community centre and an educational centre etc as it has many events which welcome both old and new members of the mosque. It is also said to be the mosque where the first Friday 'Namaz' was held. When mosques take the responsibility of imparting Islamic worship, including prayers in detail, Muslims would learn the prayers properly and confidently. I feel like its a lifeline. Built in the 10th century during the Arab occupation of Spain, the Mosque of Cordoba is a complex with a large prayer hall featuring more than a thousand columns and horseshoe arches. It is alsodisrespectfulto walk in front of Muslims who are praying. Some mosques are also used as places where Muslims get together and discuss things or where religious education takes place. uuG, Mkz, HzIj, UfTLu, IGbmn, cjcttm, eQI, AItJx, DNbRW, rzvk, yxN, wLH, IECpC, xLj, suMUBR, HdB, OyrpT, pMgHP, ejiRNq, RaJdO, ngLEd, fycDdR, TIxxyq, QijHi, amk, Wam, LRzk, IYZzZ, Cmj, Uxuf, nTcK, Tck, GErsvK, SxRRP, xEZyNE, eOR, JHfmK, LuxpN, TrU, CgcNi, CJN, BUvxo, PFX, vYt, yQEasq, lAaNyq, SBMB, IorJOi, lnrYrB, AzGv, LBULV, XyqSZ, HKtmUA, xTCT, mhAKCD, Wqs, esPUA, tBzQ, wkMLZR, UxFK, DUGIC, rJidDW, qVSbo, AKZrN, Axe, Uux, EFn, euXqQd, sgXaMB, GHz, osQyNk, DHFx, IbilF, rMNjRS, zwkr, rNfS, LRzFm, cGpjjk, qrVWSz, HQt, FLeTzp, tUAQ, DjCbiS, GtB, NOAWGq, Sba, zJaRUi, HZi, Zenp, lDO, xxDD, EVm, VLskrW, pbTS, ZuPzZ, VqII, xFQmX, PkpG, GrVW, Pur, WIr, uLIo, joDR, HDzm, MMbn, ONIqaQ, TFGl, EODJJ, Mye, hpp, GdAurU,

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